Microbiome in the Growth and Management of Different Types of Cancer

The host-microbiome interactions result in alterations of normal physiological pathways, which could be responsible for the initiation of various diseases and conditions, including cancer. In the last decade, microbiome populations were proposed as a decisive factor for the growth, and development of various cancers, influencing metastasis and treatment responses of various anti-cancer drugs. The impact of microbial communities on cancer growth is only beginning to be unraveled. Nevertheless, an-increased molecular perception of such cancer-modulating interactions for cancer treatment is of major importance to the scientific world and is of clinical relevance.

More than a billion microbes reside on the surface of the human body and constantly interact with the host. Microbes are key regulators of pro-carcinogenic processes that act as critical factors in the growth and development of various cancers. The pathogenic bacteria play a significant role in cancer progression along with various tumor-promoting factors in different cellular pathways, which initiate a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. On the contrary, there are beneficial microbial communities that help prevent various inflammatory responses and enhance the anti-cancer immunity of the host. Therefore, a delicate balance between the host microbiomes and various pathways plays a crucial role in the growth and/or prevention of various types of cancer.

In this Research Topic, we aim to describe pathogenic molecular mechanisms shared throughout microbial niches that play essential roles in the growth, initiation, and progression of different types of cancers. These microbial communities may also influence responses of various therapies and affect treatment-connected cytotoxicity. Based on these determining factors, there is increasing interest in targeting these pathogenic microbial communities for the treatment of different types of cancer. We highlight current advances, limitations, challenges, and prospects in knowing how the microbiome microbial communities may causally impact the growth of cancer and its treatment responsiveness and how microbial communities or their biologically active metabolites may be controlled and targeted as precision cancer therapeutics.

We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of new microbial-targeted therapies for managing and treating various types of cancers. Articles mainly concentrate on but are not limited to these subjects. The other related subtopics are also welcome:

• The implication of the microbial communities of the host microbiome in the regulation of tumor microenvironment.

• Potential effects of host-microbiome microbial communities on anti-cancer therapies' effectiveness.

• Role of the microbial communities of host-microbiome on apoptosis and anti-cancer immunity.

• Crosstalk between the microbial communities of the host microbiome, program cell death, and other pathways to affect cancer.

• Deciphering the new molecular pathways involved in microbial communities-mediated cancers.

• The identification of novel molecules that target the pathogenic microbial communities \for the treatment of the different types of cancers.

• Innovative strategies and new therapies to manipulate the microbial communities of host-microbiome to augment anti-cancer therapeutic responses.

• Novel methods, approaches, technologies, and strategies to enhance advanced studies in this direction.