Energy Efficiency Analysis and Intelligent Optimization of Process Industry

The smart grid, as a cyber-physical system, is vulnerable to attacks due to the diversified and open environment. The false data injection attack (FDIA) can threaten the grid security by constructing and injecting the falsified attack vector to bypass the system detection. Due to the diversity of attacks, it is impractical to detect FDIAs by fixed methods. This paper proposed a false data injection attack model and countering detection methods based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). First, we studied an attack model under the assumption of unlimited attack resources and information of complete topology. Different types of FDIAs are also enumerated. Then, we formulated the attack detection problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). A deep reinforcement learning-based method is proposed to detect FDIAs with a combined dynamic-static detection mechanism. To address the sparse reward problem, experiences with discrepant rewards are stored in different replay buffers to achieve efficiency. Moreover, the state space is extended by considering the most recent states to improve the perception capability. Simulations were performed on IEEE 9,14,30, and 57-bus systems, proving the validation of attack model and efficiency of detection method. Results proved efficacy of the detection method in different scenarios.

The use of corrosion inhibitors can effectively avoid the corrosion of metals and alloys, but the conventional organic/inorganic corrosion inhibitors have certain toxic and side effects and environmental pollution problems (including some expensive toxic reagents and catalysts), prompting researchers to turn their attention to the research of water-soluble polymer corrosion inhibitors with green environment friendly and low pollution. This paper reviews the action mechanism of polymer inhibitors, the research status of natural polymer inhibitors (chitosan-based inhibitors, cellulose and its derivatives inhibitors, other carbohydrate inhibitors, protein inhibitors) and synthetic polymer inhibitors (epoxy resin inhibitors, polyethylene glycol inhibitors, conductive polymer inhibitors), The purpose is to provide some reference for the development of eco-friendly metal coatings.