The Exploration of Low-dimensional Nanoparticles for Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

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Background

Compared with the relatively well-studied 3D particles, the research for other-dimensional particles has been lagged behind for a long time, thus hindering the potential applications. In particular, knowledge regarding low dimensional nanoparticles (LDN) (e.g., 0D dot, 1D tube, and 2D sheet) is of great importance to the area of nanotechnology and pharmacology. These 0D-2D particles from either nature existence (e.g. microorganism, virus) or manmade/synthetic materials (carbon nanotube, polymeric nanosheet), might bear unique properties (e.g., electrochemical, thermal, and bio-nano interface) that are desired for biosensing/bioimaging. Meanwhile, these particles exhibit advantageous drug loading/metabolism behaviors and can also be modified or functionalized with a series of merits (e.g. targeting, long circulation, or high efficiency) for bio/immune/dynamic therapy especially for treating cancer. To provide important design views and exert the performance of these LDN, in-depth developments for fabrication strategy, property exploitation, mechanism clarification, and application extension are highly awaited.

In this Research Topic, we mainly focused on addressing major issues referring to the design, synthesis, effects or bio-applications of LDN.

1) To widen the range of LDN for bio-applications, specific materials (e.g., ionic liquid, polymers, or natural microorganisms) and constructing strategies (e.g., emulsification, up-bottom, or self-assembly) should be developed while ensuring their safety issue.
2) For the rational design of LDN-based platforms, it is crucial to exploit the intrinsic properties or in vitro/in vivo performance of a particular LDN, as well as dig out the underlying physiochemical/pharmacological mechanism.
3) To pave the way for potential applications in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases, a particular LDN formulation or appropriate modality should be opened up and coordinated for scenarios case by case.

After fulfilling the knowledge gaps for LDN, we hope to inspire further developments in their bio-applications and bring out important progress in nanotechnology and pharmacology.

The scope of this research topic is to explore the low dimensional nanoparticles applied in disease diagnosis and therapy. To be specific, nanoparticles from natural or manmade in this Research topic include, but are not limited to:

- 0D: nanocluster; metal-organic framework; quantum dot
- 1D: carbon nanotube; polymer nanofiber; rod bacteria; filament microbe
- 2D: graphene/graphyne; polymer sheet; metal oxide nanosheet; MXenes

Areas to be covered in this Research topic may include, but are not limited to:

• The innovative fabrication strategy or materials for low dimensional nanoparticles
• The finding of particular physio/chemical/biological merits that favored for diagnosis or therapy of diseases
• The mechanism study for the unique properties (e.g., electrical, chemical, thermal, or optical), specific nano-bio interface effect, particular pharmacology behaviors (e.g., drug loading/distribution/metabolism/excretion), and bio-immunological responses
• The exploitation of LDN-based modality/formulation/delivery system for biosensing DNA/enzyme/drug, bioimaging cell/tumor/inflammation, and disease therapy (e.g., anti-cancer drug delivery, bio/immune/dynamic therapy)

Keywords: bio/immune/dynamic therapy, Natural low-dimensional particles, Synthetic low-dimensional particles, 0D nanodot, 1D nanotube, 2D nanosheet, Anticancer drug delivery

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