Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction has revolutionized the energy industry. In the U.S. alone, this technology has propelled hydrocarbon production, making the country the biggest hydrocarbon producer in the world. Technology for development of UOG resources, including hydraulic fracturing, acid fracturing, and matrix acidizing, is rapidly being adopted worldwide. Extraction of UOG from low permeable shale rock in the USA is performed by combining horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing uses millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and oil and gas field (O&G) chemicals. Up to 70% of the water resurfaces as waste, containing hydrocarbons, naturally occurring radioactive material, high salinity, and flowback of injected O&G chemicals and their transformation products. The full environmental implications of this energy extraction process are still unclear. This Research Topic aims to clarify some of the environmental implications of this energy production technique by looking at the complex interactions between microorganism impacted by different aspects of the UOG life-cycle. Different steps of the UOG lifecycle, such as drilling, initial injection of fluids, and handling of the wastewater (called “flowback”) may have different impacts to microbial ecology processes such as nutrient cycling, and contaminant biodegradation affecting key ecosystem functions.
Over the last decade scientists and engineers have applied a plethora of omics techniques and physiological studies to analyze the microbial composition and functional profile of different shale formations, hydraulic fracturing flowback water, and potential runoff into nearby ground and surface aquifers. While there is still a debate whether the shales have a native microbial community or if microbes are being introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process, the consensus has been that the microbial communities of hydraulic fracturing flowback converge to fermentative halotolerant populations. Applying UOG microbial ecology knowledge into applied biotechnology applications could provide low-cost and effective solutions to many potential environmental problems associated with UOG. Some strides have been done to use in situ microbial community to degrade common O&G chemicals, but much work is needed to understand the role of natural attenuation and applied bioremediation in the fate of O&G chemicals in the environment.
We propose this Research Topic “Applied Environmental Microbiology of UOG Lifecycle” with the aim to expand the current understanding of the UOG microbial ecology and further elucidate the role of native microorganisms in mitigating environmental impacts from UOG production. The questions we seek to address include, but are not restricted to, harnessing the native microbial community to minimize potential environmental impacts, such as biodegradation of O&G chemicals and their transformation products (in both environmental and laboratory-optimized conditions), microbial source tracking of spills, waste water treatment, microbial control to prevent equipment failure and gas souring, among others Original Research, Review, and Mini-Review articles are encouraged. Perspective/Opinion articles discussing the future of the UOG microbial ecology field and where applied research should focus on to streamline bioremediation studies benefiting from are also of interest.
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Maria Fernanda Campa for being instrumental in identifying knowledge gaps in current understanding and determining how they can be addressed in this Research Topic.
Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction has revolutionized the energy industry. In the U.S. alone, this technology has propelled hydrocarbon production, making the country the biggest hydrocarbon producer in the world. Technology for development of UOG resources, including hydraulic fracturing, acid fracturing, and matrix acidizing, is rapidly being adopted worldwide. Extraction of UOG from low permeable shale rock in the USA is performed by combining horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing uses millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and oil and gas field (O&G) chemicals. Up to 70% of the water resurfaces as waste, containing hydrocarbons, naturally occurring radioactive material, high salinity, and flowback of injected O&G chemicals and their transformation products. The full environmental implications of this energy extraction process are still unclear. This Research Topic aims to clarify some of the environmental implications of this energy production technique by looking at the complex interactions between microorganism impacted by different aspects of the UOG life-cycle. Different steps of the UOG lifecycle, such as drilling, initial injection of fluids, and handling of the wastewater (called “flowback”) may have different impacts to microbial ecology processes such as nutrient cycling, and contaminant biodegradation affecting key ecosystem functions.
Over the last decade scientists and engineers have applied a plethora of omics techniques and physiological studies to analyze the microbial composition and functional profile of different shale formations, hydraulic fracturing flowback water, and potential runoff into nearby ground and surface aquifers. While there is still a debate whether the shales have a native microbial community or if microbes are being introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process, the consensus has been that the microbial communities of hydraulic fracturing flowback converge to fermentative halotolerant populations. Applying UOG microbial ecology knowledge into applied biotechnology applications could provide low-cost and effective solutions to many potential environmental problems associated with UOG. Some strides have been done to use in situ microbial community to degrade common O&G chemicals, but much work is needed to understand the role of natural attenuation and applied bioremediation in the fate of O&G chemicals in the environment.
We propose this Research Topic “Applied Environmental Microbiology of UOG Lifecycle” with the aim to expand the current understanding of the UOG microbial ecology and further elucidate the role of native microorganisms in mitigating environmental impacts from UOG production. The questions we seek to address include, but are not restricted to, harnessing the native microbial community to minimize potential environmental impacts, such as biodegradation of O&G chemicals and their transformation products (in both environmental and laboratory-optimized conditions), microbial source tracking of spills, waste water treatment, microbial control to prevent equipment failure and gas souring, among others Original Research, Review, and Mini-Review articles are encouraged. Perspective/Opinion articles discussing the future of the UOG microbial ecology field and where applied research should focus on to streamline bioremediation studies benefiting from are also of interest.
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Maria Fernanda Campa for being instrumental in identifying knowledge gaps in current understanding and determining how they can be addressed in this Research Topic.
