Nutrients, Neurotransmitters and Brain Energetics

Editorial

17 November 2020

Editorial: Nutrients, Neurotransmitters and Brain Energetics

Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva

and

Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes

4,755 views

2 citations

Editors

Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva

Federal University of Alagoas

Rubem C.A. Guedes

Federal University of Pernambuco

Impact

NKCC1 expression in dentate gyrus of rats fed with a normal diet. (A) NKCC1-IR cells in the molecular (ml) and granule (gl) layer and hilus (h) of dentate gyrus (−3.3 mm posterior to Bregma). (B–E) NKCC1-IR cells (arrows) were found distributed through all dentate gyrus. (E) Higher magnification of hilus, NKCC1 immunostaining showed predominantly small, abundant and intensely stained cells, presumptive glial cells (thin arrows) and some scarce, large and weakly stained cells, presumptive neuronal cells (thick arrow). Quadruple immunofluorescence labeling of NKCC1 with NeuN (a neuron-specific marker), GFAP (a marker for astrocytes) and DAPI (a marker for nuclei) (F–K). NKCC1-IR cells were mainly astrocyte-type glial cells, abundant, small and intensely stained cells (arrows indicate on all panels, NKCC1 and GFAP immunopositive astrocytes, except in NeuN panel where arrows indicate their absence). Scale bar: 100 μm (A), 25 μm (B–D), 10 μm (E) and 20 μm (F–K).

Original Research

07 July 2020

Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Leticia Granados-Rojas

, 9 more and

Pilar Durán

4,674 views

6 citations

Visual perimetric results. (A) Visual perimetry of a standard observer (blue line) and of a mercury exposed observer (red line). (B) Visual perimetric area distribution of the riverine (green box-plot) and gold-miner (yellow box-plot) group. ∗Significant difference, p < 0.05. Box-plots are composed by first (Q1), second (Q2), and third (Q3) quartiles, and whiskers represent the maximum (Max) and minimum (Min) values.

Original Research

21 January 2020

Comparison of Visual Functions of Two Amazonian Populations: Possible Consequences of Different Mercury Exposure

Eliza Maria da Costa Brito Lacerda

, 5 more and

Dora Fix Ventura

3,640 views

25 citations

Evaluation of antidepressant activity using the Forced Swim Test (FST) in diabetic rats treated with two different zinc compounds (15 mg/kg). (A) Immobility time and (B) Swimming time. C, Control Group (n = 8); D, Diabetic Group (n = 10); DSZ (n = 10): Diabetic Group Supplemented with Zn Sulfate and DGZ (n = 10): Diabetic Group Supplemented with Zn Gluconate (n = 10). Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). ∗Significant difference compared with D group; #significant difference compared with C group.

Original Research

21 January 2020

Antidepressant, Anxiolytic and Neuroprotective Activities of Two Zinc Compounds in Diabetic Rats

Christiane Leite Cavalcanti

, 8 more and

Jailane Souza Aquino

5,402 views

15 citations

Exogenous ketogenic agents induce therapeutic ketosis within hours of oral ingestion. (A–C) Blood ketones following intragastric administration (time 0) of water, R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester (BD-AcAc2), and 1,3-butanediol (BD) in Sprague Dawley rats. (A) β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) level was elevated compared with control after either ketogenic compound (P < 0.001). (B) Acetoacetate (AcAc) level was increased significantly by BD-AcAc2 (P < 0.001) compared with water or BD. (C) Acetone level increased significantly more after treatment with BD-AcAc2 (P < 0.001). (D) Blood ketones (R-BHB only) following intragastric administration (time 0) of BD-AcAc2 in male human (n = 1). Figure adapted with permission from D’Agostino et al. (2013), American Physiological Society. ∗Significant difference from control and #significant difference from BD.

Review

15 October 2019

Ketone Administration for Seizure Disorders: History and Rationale for Ketone Esters and Metabolic Alternatives

Angela M. Poff

, 1 more and

Dominic P. D’Agostino

38,667 views

51 citations

Original Research

29 November 2019

An Age-Adjusted EEG Source Classifier Accurately Detects School-Aged Barbadian Children That Had Protein Energy Malnutrition in the First Year of Life

Maria L. Bringas Vega

, 10 more and

Pedro A. Valdes Sosa

5,237 views

25 citations

Original Research

11 June 2019

Broad Lipidomic and Transcriptional Changes of Prophylactic PEA Administration in Adult Mice

Raissa Lerner

, 3 more and

Laura Bindila

3,674 views

17 citations

Original Research

09 May 2019

Dopamine-Induced Ascorbate Release From Retinal Neurons Involves Glutamate Release, Activation of AMPA/Kainate Receptors and Downstream Signaling Pathways

Camila Cabral Portugal

, 5 more and

Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho

3,940 views

10 citations

Original Research

18 September 2019

Taurine/Pilocarpine Interaction in the Malnourished Rat Brain: A Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Immunohistochemical Analysis

Elian da Silva Francisco

, 3 more and

Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes

2,885 views

5 citations

Habituation test with newborn rats treated with standard diet (CG), with 1% CLA (CLA1), or 3% CLA (CLA3) during pregnancy and lactation (maternal diet). Values are expressed as means and standard deviation (one way ANOVA, Holm–Sidak); 1st exposure to 42 days of life and 2nd exposure to 49 days of life; CG (n = 11), CLA1 (n = 13), CLA3 (n = 12); ∗ versus first exposure in the same group. (A) Duration of locomotion: time spent by the animal moving in the open field. (B) Number of crossings in open field: the ambulation was evaluated by the total of segments covered. It was counted when the animal inserted the four legs inside the segments. (C) Number of entries into inner zone: quantified when the animal placed the four legs inside each inner zone of the open field. (D) Duration in inner zone – time spent by the animal in the inner zone of the open field.

Original Research

24 April 2019

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Memory and Reflex Maturation in Rats Treated During Early Life

Michelly Pires Queiroz

, 9 more and

Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares

5,532 views

25 citations

Chemical structures of most commonly studied ginsenosides. Glu, glucose; Rha, rhamnose.

Review

24 April 2019

Efficacy and Mechanism of Panax Ginseng in Experimental Stroke

Lei Liu

, 2 more and

Sylvain Doré

6,213 views

36 citations

(A) Immunofluorescence staining for AQP4 (red) and phalloidin (green) or DAPI (blue). T3 treatment (50 mM) negatively regulated AQP4 expression only in GBM-95 cells when compared to AQP4 expression in cells maintained in FBS, as shown in Figure 6. Cells were cultured in medium containing 10% FBS, medium without serum (FBS-free), and treated with T3 in medium without serum (FBS-free+T3). (B) Immunofluorescence staining for AQP4 (red) and phalloidin (green) or DAPI (blue). HaCat, SCC-4, and U87 cell lines treated with T3 (50 mM) showed no change in AQP4 expression.

Original Research

04 April 2019

Evidence of Aquaporin 4 Regulation by Thyroid Hormone During Mouse Brain Development and in Cultured Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

Lucas E. S. Costa

, 5 more and

Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva

4,417 views

19 citations

Pathways linking diet and mental health. The nutritional transition observed in modern society, mainly in Western countries, has resulted in increased consumption of SFAs and reduced intake of PUFAs. Excessive energy intake from fat-enriched diets increases fatty acid storage and surpasses the remodeling capacity of adipose tissue, resulting in macrophage recruitment and increasing circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Increased cytokine levels lead to the activation of stress kinases, such as JNK and IKKβ, resulting in increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and reduced insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase activity, causing central and peripheral insulin resistance. Brain inflammation and insulin resistance have been implicated in cognitive deficits (reviewed in De Felice et al., 2014; Ferreira et al., 2014). A recent report further suggested that reduced insulin signaling in the brain affects dopamine metabolism and release, contributing to mood disorders (Cai et al., 2018). Whether this dopaminergic dysfunction is also related to cognitive impairment is a possibility yet unexplored. Excessive energy intake from dietary fat further results in dysregulation of free fatty acid (FFA) fluxes, reducing PUFAs and increasing SFAs in the circulation. Although the exact mechanism is still controversial (Lancaster et al., 2018), several reports have shown that SFAs activate TLR4-dependent signaling pathways that increase inflammatory responses in microglia and induce brain inflammation, another potential mechanism involved in the development of both mood disorders and cognitive impairment. At the same time, dietary choices are known to impact the gut microbiota, which may regulate neuroinflammatory responses. Together, these interconnecting mechanisms suggest relevant links between lipid imbalance associated with fat-enriched diets and the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders.

Review

26 March 2019

Diet-Derived Fatty Acids, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health

Helen M. Melo

, 1 more and

Sergio T. Ferreira

52,895 views

94 citations

Original Research

26 March 2019

Effect of GABA-Fortified Oolong Tea on Reducing Stress in a University Student Cohort

Tina Hinton

, 3 more and

Slade Matthews

25,786 views

49 citations

Original Research

14 March 2019

Environmental Impoverishment, Aging, and Reduction in Mastication Affect Mouse Innate Repertoire to Explore Novel Environments and to Assess Risk

Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes

, 2 more and

Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes

3,545 views

10 citations

Original Research

14 March 2019

Maternal Protein Restriction in Two Successive Generations Impairs Mitochondrial Electron Coupling in the Progeny’s Brainstem of Wistar Rats From Both Sexes

David F. Santana

, 7 more and

Claudia J. Lagranha

2,779 views

6 citations

Original Research

06 March 2019

Psychophysical Evaluation of Visual Functions of Ex-Alcoholic Subjects After Prolonged Abstinence

Isabelle Christine Vieira da Silva Martins

, 8 more and

Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira

2,049 views

6 citations

Epilepsy syndromes and some conditions in which the KD therapies has been reported probable benefit∗.

Review

29 January 2019

Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy: What We Know So Far

Isabella D’Andrea Meira

, 4 more and

Priscila Oliveira da Conceição

300,738 views

282 citations

Changes in cerebral laterality in extracellular concentrations of NE, DA, and 5-HT following exposure to prenatal protein malnutrition comparing 6/25 malnourished rats with 25/25 well-nourished adult rats. NE and DA laterality shifted from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere in 6/25 animals,∗p < 0.05.

Original Research

05 March 2019

Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Leads to Hemispheric Differences in the Extracellular Concentrations of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serotonin in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Rats

David J. Mokler

, 6 more and

Janina R. Galler

3,913 views

12 citations

Original Research

19 February 2019

Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Produces Resistance to Distraction Similar to Noradrenergic Deafferentation of the Prelimbic Cortex in a Sustained Attention Task

Lori A. Newman

, 4 more and

Jill A. McGaughy

3,121 views

7 citations

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