Diagnostic and Proof Load Tests on Bridges

In this article, dynamic and static load tests of a concrete highway bridge, which is a deteriorated and repaired, are presented depending on displacement and strain data for engineering decision making about the operation of a critical bridge. Static load test was carried out to determine the live load distribution factor (DF) and load-rating factor (RF) as well as serviceability by means of deflection limits. Modal characteristics in terms of structural frequencies and mode shapes and impact factor (IM) were identified from the dynamic load test for different truck-load and speed cases, and finite element (FE) model. The DF and rating factor (RF) were also compared with those calculated according to AASHTO standard and FE model. The results showed that the DF calculated by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard gave more conservative results when compared with the experimental and FEM approaches. Similarly, the load-rating factor (RF) calculated by AASHTO standard yielded to more conservative results comparing with the experimental FEM approaches using practical DFs. Maximum deflections in static cases and dynamic cases were found to be within the limit calculated by (L/800) given in the AASHTO code. Impact factors among all the cases were obtained much smaller than the one recommended by AASHTO standard (33%). The modal properties were obtained to track changes in dynamic behavior due to stiffness and boundary effects as well as for finite element model calibration. The calibrated FE model of the bridge also indicated that the load carrying capacity of the bridge is adequate after repair. Finally, the results from the current study reveal that use of experimental data can be utilized to obtain load rating with minimum interruption to bridge operations through computer vision technology and methods.