About this Research Topic

Background

Theories of embodied cognition propose that online language comprehension recruits mental simulations. Embodied mental simulation refers to the ability to mentally recreate perceptual-motor experiences in the absence of external physical stimuli. Behavioral evidence of perceptual and motor simulations in lexical processing has been widely reported on the effects of word concreteness, perceptual and action strength, and modality switch. Evidence of sensorimotor simulation has also been found in the forms of compatibility and interference effects during sentence processing. Neurophysiological evidence has also shown that perceptual and motor regions are consistently engaged when speakers process concepts related to action, sound, visual shape, motion, color, olfaction-gustation, and emotion.

In recent years, there has been growing research interest in how embodied simulation is engaged in second language (L2) meaning construction and to what extent this engagement is influenced by factors such as first language (L1) entrenchment and the level of language proficiency. However, the number of existing L2 studies is still very limited, and research findings are rather mixed. Some evidence suggests that proficient L2 learners can perform automatic mental simulation in L2 processing in a nativelike manner. Other results show that the effects of mental simulation are only selectively present in L2 processing, with an overall reduced effect compared to the effects of mental simulation in adult L1 processing. There is a lack of a robust theoretical delineation that sufficiently accounts for how bilingual and L2 mental simulation distinguishes from L1 mental simulation while connecting to existing models of bilingual and L2 processing. The field calls for more empirical studies on bilingual and L2 speakers to further advance our understanding in this area.

The current Research Topic is soliciting manuscripts that report empirical studies on perceptual and motor simulation in bilingual and L2 processing. The specific themes that we would like contributors to address include:
- Mental representations during bilingual and L2 processing of conceptual domains related to spatiality (e.g., orientation, distance), perceptual properties (e.g., color, shape, size, and sound), and motor properties (e.g., action, emotion, and gesture)
- Similarities and differences of the engagement of mental simulation in L1 processing versus in bilingual and L2 processing
- The impact of cross-linguistic similarities and differences on the mental representations of bilingual and L2 speakers
- Diachronic changes and the development of mental representations in children, adolescents, and adult bilingual and L2 processing
- Factors that can influence the engagement of mental representations in bilingual and L2 processing, such as language proficiency, language dominance, language distance, and frequency of language exposure

We welcome original research as well as reviews, perspectives, and opinion articles that contribute novel insights, advance the field, and propose future directions in the study of perceptual and motor simulation in bilingual and L2 processing.

Keywords: Mental imagery, mental simulation, perception, motor action, embodied cognition, bilingualism, second language, processing, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Frequently asked questions

• What is a Research Topic?

  Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

  Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

• Why does Frontiers publish Research Topics? 

  The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

  Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

• Why are Research Topics important for journals?

  As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

  A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

• How do we ensure the quality of articles within Research Topics?

  Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and they fall under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

    In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

• What are the benefits of publishing my article in a Research Topic?

  Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

  As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

  Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

   
• What types of articles can be published in a Research Topic?

  Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

  Check available article types here 

• Can I suggest a new Research Topic? 

  Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

  Suggest your topic here 

• Who leads a Research Topic? 

  A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

  The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

• What is the role of a topic editor?

  As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

   

  You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

• What support will I receive when editing a new Research Topic? 

  As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

• As a junior researcher, can I be involved in editing a Research Topic? 

  If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

• Can I get a certificate for editing a Research Topic?

  Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

• Who will I collaborate with?

  Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

• How long does it take to publish a Research Topic?

  As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

  Find out more about our Research Topics

• What fee support is available to authors publishing in a Research Topic?

  Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

  Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

• Will there be a printed version of my RT?

  In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.