Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms that Govern Assembly, Plasticity, and Function of GABAergic Inhibitory Circuits in the Mammalian Brain

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Brief Research Report
07 December 2023
Acute stress modulates hippocampal to entorhinal cortex communication
Azat Nasretdinov
3 more and 
Andrei Rozov
Endocannabinoids control the amplitude and probability of SPW-R driven inhibition. (A) Effect of CB1R blockade on the amplitude and coupling probability of SPW-R driven EPSCs and IPSCs. Traces on the left show spontaneous SPW-Rs in CA1 and associated EPSC (Vh –90 mV) and IPSC (Vh 0 mV) in mEC LVa cells before and after application of the CB1R antagonist AM251 (2 μM). The experiment was done with a low-Cl– internal solution. Box plots on the right show normalized (AM251/control) amplitude and coupling probability values in individual cells and pooled data (presented as the median; P25; P75). The significance of the differences was assessed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (*p < 0.05). Note, that application of AM251 did not have any effect on EPSCs but caused significant enhancement of the amplitude and coupling probability of IPSCs. (B) Effects of short-lasting (5 s) depolarization on the amplitude of compound SPW-R driven PSCs depends on internal Cl– concentration. Traces on the left represent spontaneous SPW-Rs (red) in CA1 and associated PSC (Vm –90 mV) in mEC LVb recorded with a high-Cl– (38 mM) internal solution. Depolarization of the postsynaptic cell led to temporal reduction of PSC amplitudes. Plots underneath show averaged time course (mean ± SEM) of induced by depolarization suppression of PSC efficacy in Va (n = 7; p < 0.01) and Vb (n = 7; p < 0.01) pyramidal cells. The traces and the plots on the right represent data obtained with a low-Cl– (4 mM) internal solution. Each plot represents data from 7 cells (p > 0.05). For statistical analysis the PSC amplitudes within the 5 s windows prior to depolarization and right after depolarization were compared. (C) Postsynaptic cell burst firing triggers a DSI-like effect. Traces on the left represent spontaneous SPW-Rs (red) in CA1 and associated PSPs (black; Vm –65 mV) in mEC LVb (n = 7) recorded with a low-Cl– internal solution. A train (5 s) of high frequency APs in the postsynaptic cell temporally enhances amplitude and duration of PSPs. Traces underneath show 10 individual PSPs (gray) and averaged responses (blue) before and after the AP burst. Plots on the right show averages of normalized amplitudes of excitatory (e-PSP; p > 0.05) and inhibitory (i-PSP; p < 0.01) components of SPW-R driven responses. For statistical analysis the e-PSP and i-PSP amplitudes within the 5 s windows prior to depolarization and right after depolarization were compared.

Feed-forward inhibition is vital in the transfer and processing of synaptic information within the hippocampal–entorhinal loop by controlling the strength and direction of excitation flow between different neuronal populations and individual neurons. While the cellular targets in the hippocampus that receive excitatory inputs from the entorhinal cortex have been well studied, and the role of feedforward inhibitory neurons has been attributed to neurogliafom cells, the cortical interneurons providing feed-forward control over receiving layer V in the entorhinal cortex remain unknown. We used sharp-wave ripple oscillations as a natural excitatory stimulus of the entorhinal cortex, driven by the hippocampus, to study the function of synaptic interactions between neurons in the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. We discovered that CB1R-expressing interneurons in the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex constitute the major relay station that translates hippocampal excitation into efficient inhibition of cortical pyramidal cells. The impact of inhibition provided by these interneurons is under strong endocannabinoid control and can be drastically reduced either by enhanced activity of postsynaptic targets or by stress-induced elevation of cannabinoids.

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