Interactions between the Adaptability of Marine Organisms and Environmental Factors

Editors

Pengzhi Qi

Zhejiang Ocean University

Xiaojun Yan

Zhejiang Ocean University

Isabella Buttino

Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA)

Impact

philippinarum Different lowercase letters indicate that the expression of the same gene is significantly different in different tissues (P<0.05).

Brief Research Report

03 August 2023

Identification and expression of cysteine sulfite decarboxylase genes and their response to hyposalinity stress in Ruditapes philippinarum

Zhichao Zhang

, 4 more and

Jianfeng Ding

1,296 views

1 citations

STZ, Subtropical Zone; SAZ, Subantarctic Zone; PFZ, Polar Frontal Zone; STF, Subtropical Front; SAF, Subantarctic Front. Oceanic fronts after Orsi et al. (1995). Ocean Data View software (Schlitzer, 2018) was used to generate this figure. Bathymetric data from General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (2022).

Original Research

22 June 2023

Reduction in size of the calcifying phytoplankton Calcidiscus leptoporus to environmental changes between the Holocene and modern Subantarctic Southern Ocean

Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández

, 14 more and

José Abel Flores

2,984 views

1 citations

The error bars indicate standard error of the mean from biological triplicates. Different letters show significant different by ANOVA (p value < 0.05).

Original Research

11 April 2023

The transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei in zoea larvae and adults infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Nanxiong Chen

, 4 more and

Sedong Li

2,925 views

0 citations

Original Research

08 February 2023

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins production appears to be driven by photosynthesis and phosphate–revealed by different light-adapted strains of Prorocentrum lima complex and P. caipirignum

Heng Chen

, 4 more and

Songhui Lu

Introduction: Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) harm shellfish aquaculture and endanger human health, and include well-known marine dinoflagellate-produced toxins such as okadaic acid (OA) and analogues, such as dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1). Toxin-producing species have different toxin profiles and contents, with unclear interactions, with the toxins hypothesized to be produced under stress conditions.

Methods: Five morphotypes of Prorocentrum lima complex, a well-studied DST-producing species with remarkable phylogenetic variability, were chosen and exposed to three distinct light conditions (photosynthetic active radiation, PAR; PAR+UVA; PAR+UVA and UVB) for 18 or 24 days.

Results and discussion: The studied morphotypes were classified as either light-sensitive (LS) or light-tolerant (LT) types based on their light responses and varying abilities to produce DTX-1 across three orders of magnitude (0.001-1 pg cell^-1 d^-1, abbreviated as LL, ML, and HL in order of rank). All toxin production rates (R_tox) initially increased and then decreased, with the first peaks varying between days 3 to 12. The results of earlier peaks in LL and ML and a linear correlation between R_tox values for OA and DTX-1 in HL indicated that the two compounds may be competitive. When light conditions initially altered, R_tox was either stagnant or negative under all light treatments in the LS cohort, and with UV addition in LT, which subsequently delayed the early peaks. The R_tox data for DTX-1 all demonstrated earlier and higher peaks with UVA addition in LL and ML. Likewise, their growth was facilitated following the addition of UVA light. Therefore, R_tox of pre-peaks is relevant to photosynthetic status and photoprotection ability. As decreasing R_tox data points corresponded closely with phosphate depletion, the phosphate consumption rate was calculated and shown to be linearly or exponentially associated with all downward R_tox. This study proposes a supply-demand link between photosynthetic products and phosphate with DST biosynthesis, inferring a likely competitive interaction between OA and DTX-1 production.

2,163 views

4 citations

Original Research

10 November 2022

The effect of environmental factors on spatial-temporal variation of heterobranch sea slug community in northern Taiwan

Ho Yeung Chan

, 3 more and

Yi Ta Shao

Sea slug (Subclass Heterobranchia) biodiversity is an important element of marine coral reef communities. However, due to their small size and cryptic behavior, few studies have examined their spatiotemporal variation. Taiwan is in the middle of East Asia Island Arcs, where it is one of the hotspots of sea slug diversity. Meanwhile, the northeast coast of this island lies within the subtropical monsoon region, where the climate shifts from a warm southwest monsoon (SW: May to Sep) to a cold northeast monsoon (NE: Oct to Apr). Between the monsoons, distinct temperatures and currents result in different community structures. To understand how those environmental factors (i.e., monsoon season, diel period and water depth) influence sea slug species richness and assemblages, we surveyed these invertebrates monthly at both night and day by diving in a marine protection area (CJ) and at a nearby non-protected site (MR) from May 2020 to Apr 2021. We showed that the species composition in our sampling area was highly consistent with what was found in Okinawa and Pescadores island, but less similar to those in southern Taiwan or Hong Kong. On the northeast coast of Taiwan, sea slug number and abundance were both higher in CJ than MR, but biodiversity (H’) and the species evenness index J’ was lower in CJ than MR. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated that the sea slug assemblages differed between the two sites. Monsoon season significantly influenced both species richness and species assemblages, with species richness during SW being significantly higher than in the NE monsoon and species assemblages also being distinct between these two seasons. Moreover, species richness increased with water depth (within the surveyed range of 0-25 m). Diel period did not exert a strong impact on sea slug biodiversity, except for species richness at CJ, where it was higher during the day than at night. Our study suggested that changing currents between the monsoon seasons could transport individuals originating from either the north or south of these island arcs. Furthermore, temperature and food sources may differ between seasons and depths, thereby influencing sea slug assemblages in this region.

3,629 views

0 citations

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