Advances in Stem Cell Therapy: New Applications and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches

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About this Research Topic

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Background

Stem cell therapy has continued to improve, raising hopes for curing diseases once thought to be incurable. In addition, innovative progress continues in allogeneic cell cancer immunotherapy, with advances toward clinical use. T cell immunology directed attention to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which play an essential role in immune defense against viral infections and malignancies. Founding concepts behind the use of stem cells in therapy include their ability to regenerate original body tissues, their ability to be modified to deliver potent drugs or nanomaterials, and their immune modulation capability. Gathering evidence suggests that stem cells can accelerate tissue regeneration and stem cell engineering opens a new path to regenerative medicine, providing a new paradigm in tissue regeneration. After several decades of experiments, stem cell therapy is becoming a magnificent game-changer for medicine.

Few stem cell treatments are currently approved and part of standard clinical protocols. The most commonly used stem cell treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat hematological malignancies and non-malignant blood and immune system disorders. In the past few years, there has been exponential advancement in clinical trials revolving around stem cell-based therapies. Some of these trials have already generated impressive results, such as when patient-derived iPS cells were induced to differentiate into pigment epithelial cells of the retina when transplanted into patients with macular degeneration, improving eyesight. Other clinical trials target diseases and injuries, including cancer, Parkinson's disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and traumatic brain injury. However, only occasional studies have progressed into extensive investigations using randomized clinical trial designs. Obtaining results from such studies will be essential for stem cell therapies to gain the necessary approvals for their application as mainstream treatments in the future.

Within this Research Topic, we aim to foster insights into recent advances in stem cell therapy and to encourage further basic and translational research to investigate this versatile approach in treating multiple disorders, subsequently overcoming the challenges to expand its therapeutic window effectively.

We welcome the submission of insightful Case Reports, state-of-the art Reviews and Mini-Reviews as well as Original Research articles dealing with basic, translational or clinical studies on the following sub-topics:

1. Adoptive T cell therapy

2. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology and rejuvenation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

3. Gene-engineered T cells

4. Allogeneic cell cancer immunotherapy and third-party T-iPSCs banking

5. Stem cell regenerative therapy

6. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in autoimmune diseases

7. Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases

8. Application of nanotechnology in stem cell-based therapy

Keywords: Allogeneic cell cancer immunotherapy; induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived cell therapy; gene-engineered T cells; virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes; extracellular vesicle-based therapies; disease-modifying therapy; autoimmune diseases;

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