Frontiers in Psychiatry is delighted to present the ‘Reviews in’ series of article collections. Reviews in Aging Psychiatry will publish high-quality scholarly review papers on key topics in Aging Psychiatry. It aims to highlight recent advances in the field, whilst emphasizing important directions and new possibilities for future inquiries. We anticipate the research presented will promote discussion in the Aging Psychiatry community that will translate to best practice applications in clinical, public health and policy settings. The Reviews in Aging Psychiatry collection welcomes full-length, mini or systematic review papers. New articles will be added to this collection as they are published.

Click Therapeutics, Inc.

China Medical University Hospital

St. Louis College of Pharmacy

Latest developments and inquiries regarding Aging Psychiatry collected for detailed discussion.

. This research topic covers the relationship between microbial factors and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease and perimenopausal depression. <ul> <li>Irisin, an exercise-generated muscle factor, has emerged as a potential hormone for AD prevention and treatment due to its effects related to molecular biology and cellular biology.</li> <li>Bibliometric analysis of perimenopausal depression indicates that the US and China are the core countries, Harvard University is the core institution, and major depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are the research hotspots.</li> <li>Caregivers of cancer patients commonly experience high levels of depression, highlighting the need for psychological support and intervention for both patients and their caregivers.</li> </ul>

Views

Article Views

Article Downloads

Frontiers in Psychiatry

Aging Psychiatry

Reviews in Psychiatry 2022: Aging Psychiatry

Aging psychiatry is a subfield of psychiatry that focuses on the mental health needs of older adults, including those aged 65 and above. This field encompasses a wide range of mental health issues that are common in older adults, including depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, dementia, delirium, and substance abuse. These conditions can have a significant impact on the quality of life of older adults and their families, and often require specialized assessment and treatment approaches.Our Research Topic &#x201c;Reviews in Psychiatry 2022: Aging Psychiatry&#x201d; focuses on on two main issues: (1) depression and (2) neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer&apos;s disease.Perimenopause is characterized by fluctuations in hormonal levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which can lead to a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including mood changes and depression. Perimenopausal depression is a relatively understudied area compared to other aspects of menopause and women's health. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.968629">Gao et al.</a> did a bibliometric analysis and determined that the United States published the most articles on the subject followed by China, and the leading institution is Harvard University, and the leading publication Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society.Many studies have reported high rates of depression among caregivers of cancer patients. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817936">Pan and Lin</a> performed a meta-analysis and determined the weighted average prevalence of depression was 25.14%, less than those caring for stroke survivors and Alzheimer's disease (40.2 and 34.0%, respectively). They also found that geographical regions, caregiver characteristics, and patients' cancer stage factor the prevalence of depression. The high prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients highlights the importance of providing support and resources to help caregivers cope with the emotional and practical challenges of caring for a loved one with cancer. Interventions such as psychotherapy, support groups, and respite care have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression and improving the quality of life for caregivers.The association between microbiological risk factors and neurodegenerative disorders is an area of active research and ongoing investigation, and is the topic covered by <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991085">Wang et al.</a>. One of the most studied microbial risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders is the bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which is commonly associated with chronic periodontitis, a type of gum disease. Studies have shown that P. gingivalis can travel from the mouth to the brain, where it may trigger an immune response and cause neuroinflammation. In addition, P. gingivalis has been found to produce a toxic protein, called gingipain, which can damage brain cells and increase the accumulation of beta-amyloid, a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease.<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967683">Chen et al.</a> report on the neuroprotective effects of irisin, a hormone that is produced in the body during exercise. There is some evidence to suggest that irisin may protect against Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain. In addition to its effects on amyloid-beta, irisin may also protect against Alzheimer's disease by promoting the growth and survival of neurons in the brain. Neurodegeneration, or the loss of neurons, is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and preserving the health and function of neurons is critical to preventing the cognitive decline associated with the disease. Studies have shown that irisin can increase the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that is essential for the growth and survival of neurons in the brain.Further research is needed in aging psychiatry because older adults are more likely to experience mental health problems, such as depression and cognitive impairment, and may face unique challenges in accessing and receiving appropriate treatment. There is a need for better understanding of the complex interplay between mental health and aging, as well as the specific mechanisms underlying these relationships. Additionally, there is a need for research on effective interventions for treating mental health problems in older adults.The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication.The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Editorial: Reviews in psychiatry 2022: aging psychiatry

The role of microbiological factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting increasing attention, while the relationship remains debated. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the associations between microbiological factors and the risk of neurodegenerative disorders with an umbrella review. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were used to search for papers from the earliest to March 2021 for identifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews that examined associations between microbiological factors and neurodegenerative diseases. AMSTAR2 tool was employed to evaluate the methodical quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were recalculated with a random effect model after the overlap was recognized by the corrected covered area (CCA) method. The heterogeneity of each meta-analysis was measured by the I2 statistic and 95% prediction interval (95% PI). Additionally, publication bias and the quality of evidence were evaluated for all 37 unique associations. Only 4 associations had above the medium level of evidence, and the rest associations presented a low level of evidence. Among them, helicobacter pylori (HP), infection, and bacteria are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and the other one verifies that periodontal disease is a risk factor for all types of dementia. Following the evidence of our study, eradication of HP and aggressive treatment of periodontitis are beneficial for the prevention of PD and dementia, respectively. This umbrella review provides comprehensive quality-grade evidence on the relationship between microbial factors and neurodegenerative disease. Regardless of much evidence linking microbial factors to neurodegenerative diseases, these associations are not necessarily causal, and the evidence level is generally low. Thus, more effective studies are required.Systematic review registration<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced</ext-link>, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239512.</sec>

The role of microbiological factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting increasing attention, while the relationship remains debated. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the associations between microbiological factors and the risk of neurodegenerative disorders with an umbrella review. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were used to search for papers from the earliest to March 2021 for identifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews that examined associations between microbiological factors and neurodegenerative diseases. AMSTAR2 tool was employed to evaluate the methodical quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were recalculated with a random effect model after the overlap was recognized by the corrected covered area (CCA) method. The heterogeneity of each meta-analysis was measured by the I2 statistic and 95% prediction interval (95% PI). Additionally, publication bias and the quality of evidence were evaluated for all 37 unique associations. Only 4 associations had above the medium level of evidence, and the rest associations presented a low level of evidence. Among them, helicobacter pylori (HP), infection, and bacteria are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and the other one verifies that periodontal disease is a risk factor for all types of dementia. Following the evidence of our study, eradication of HP and aggressive treatment of periodontitis are beneficial for the prevention of PD and dementia, respectively. This umbrella review provides comprehensive quality-grade evidence on the relationship between microbial factors and neurodegenerative disease. Regardless of much evidence linking microbial factors to neurodegenerative diseases, these associations are not necessarily causal, and the evidence level is generally low. Thus, more effective studies are required.Systematic review registration: <a href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced</a>, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239512.

Association between microbiological risk factors and neurodegenerative disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Despite being one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) lacks specific medicine. Irisin, an exercise-generated muscle factor, emerges as a potential hormone for AD prevention and treatment because of its role in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, accelerating energy expenditure, regulating energy metabolism, and improving insulin resistance. The study reviews classic hallmarks of AD and irisin’s physiology before discussing the possible mechanism by which irisin protects against AD in terms of its effects related to molecular biology and cellular biology. Results reveal that irisin sharpens learning memory by inducing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), lowers the production of inflammatory factors, protects neurology through astrocytes, and ameliorates AD symptoms by improving insulin resistance. The review aims to facilitate future experimental studies and clinical applications of irisin in preventing and treating AD.

Despite being one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century, Alzheimer&#x2019;s disease (AD) lacks specific medicine. Irisin, an exercise-generated muscle factor, emerges as a potential hormone for AD prevention and treatment because of its role in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, accelerating energy expenditure, regulating energy metabolism, and improving insulin resistance. The study reviews classic hallmarks of AD and irisin&#x2019;s physiology before discussing the possible mechanism by which irisin protects against AD in terms of its effects related to molecular biology and cellular biology. Results reveal that irisin sharpens learning memory by inducing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), lowers the production of inflammatory factors, protects neurology through astrocytes, and ameliorates AD symptoms by improving insulin resistance. The review aims to facilitate future experimental studies and clinical applications of irisin in preventing and treating AD.

Protective effect of irisin against Alzheimer’s disease

BackgroundPerimenopausal depression (PMD) is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints and has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Using a bibliometric tool, this study aims to evaluate the origin, current hotspots, and research trends on PMD.</sec>MethodsArticles with research on PMD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used the bibliometric method to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and trends. We plotted the reference co-citation network and used keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends.</sec>ResultsA total of 209 publications related to PMD were identified from WoSCC on May 8, 2022. The number of publications concerning PMD every year shows an upward trend. Further analysis indicated that 209 articles were contributed by 45 countries, 288 institutions, and 501 authors. The United States contributed the most significant number of publications, followed by China. Harvard University is the core institution of PMD research, and Cohen’s work has had an important impact on another research. The occurrence and pathological mechanisms of depression during the menopausal transition from the knowledge base of PMD. All of them belong to the category of gynecology and psychosis, which reflects the focus of the research topics. Major depression, postmenopausal women, symptoms like hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are research hotspots in the PMD field. The frontiers in PMD field that will impact future research are anxiety, meta-analysis, association, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).</sec>ConclusionThese findings provide us with the core countries, institutions, and authors in PMD research and point out the direction of attention in this field. The current research focuses on depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and other symptoms, as well as the prevalence and risk factors. The frontiers will be anxiety, meta-analysis, related factors, and depression assessment in future research.</sec>

Background: Perimenopausal depression (PMD) is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints and has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Using a bibliometric tool, this study aims to evaluate the origin, current hotspots, and research trends on PMD.Methods: Articles with research on PMD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used the bibliometric method to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and trends. We plotted the reference co-citation network and used keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends.Results: A total of 209 publications related to PMD were identified from WoSCC on May 8, 2022. The number of publications concerning PMD every year shows an upward trend. Further analysis indicated that 209 articles were contributed by 45 countries, 288 institutions, and 501 authors. The United States contributed the most significant number of publications, followed by China. Harvard University is the core institution of PMD research, and Cohen’s work has had an important impact on another research. The occurrence and pathological mechanisms of depression during the menopausal transition from the knowledge base of PMD. All of them belong to the category of gynecology and psychosis, which reflects the focus of the research topics. Major depression, postmenopausal women, symptoms like hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are research hotspots in the PMD field. The frontiers in PMD field that will impact future research are anxiety, meta-analysis, association, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).Conclusion: These findings provide us with the core countries, institutions, and authors in PMD research and point out the direction of attention in this field. The current research focuses on depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and other symptoms, as well as the prevalence and risk factors. The frontiers will be anxiety, meta-analysis, related factors, and depression assessment in future research.

Global hotspots and prospects of perimenopausal depression: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace

BackgroundCaregivers of cancer patients commonly experience depressive symptoms due to the heavy burden of caregiving responsibility.</sec>ObjectiveThis meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients.</sec>MethodsWe included 85 studies covering 23,317 participants published between 2001 and 2021 (25 countries) that reported the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients. We examined the pooled prevalence of depression and hypothesized moderators, including year, age, sex, geographic regions, percentage of spousal caregivers, depression measures, and cancer stage.</sec>ResultsAll 85 effect sizes included 6,077 caregivers of patients with depression. The weighted average prevalence of depression was 25.14% (95% CI, 21.42–29.27%) among caregivers. The prevalence rates were moderated by geographic region, patients' cancer stage, and measures for depression. The prevalence rates also varied among the different measures assessing depression. The prevalence rate decreased with the mean age of the caregivers and the percentage of spousal caregivers.</sec>ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients. The prevalence rates also varied with the study design, demographics of caregivers, and patients' medical information. These findings highlight that psychological support and intervention may be crucial for patients and their caregivers in clinical practice.</sec>

Background: Caregivers of cancer patients commonly experience depressive symptoms due to the heavy burden of caregiving responsibility.Objective: This meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients.Methods: We included 85 studies covering 23,317 participants published between 2001 and 2021 (25 countries) that reported the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients. We examined the pooled prevalence of depression and hypothesized moderators, including year, age, sex, geographic regions, percentage of spousal caregivers, depression measures, and cancer stage.Results: All 85 effect sizes included 6,077 caregivers of patients with depression. The weighted average prevalence of depression was 25.14% (95% CI, 21.42–29.27%) among caregivers. The prevalence rates were moderated by geographic region, patients' cancer stage, and measures for depression. The prevalence rates also varied among the different measures assessing depression. The prevalence rate decreased with the mean age of the caregivers and the percentage of spousal caregivers.Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients. The prevalence rates also varied with the study design, demographics of caregivers, and patients' medical information. These findings highlight that psychological support and intervention may be crucial for patients and their caregivers in clinical practice.