Physiology and pathophysiology of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor

120.3K

views

53

authors

17

articles

Physiology and pathophysiology of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor

120.3K

views

53

authors

17

articles

Editorial

08 May 2018

Editorial: Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Enikö Kallay

2,941 views

9 citations

Editors

1

Medical University of Vienna

Impact

About

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. Abnormal CaSR function is implicated in calciotropic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, and in non-calciotropic disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, sarcopenia and Alzheimer’s disease, which account for >25% of the global disease burden. CaSR is a unique GPCR whose principal physiological agonist is the calcium ion. CaSR is expressed almost ubiquitously. CaSR interacts with multiple heterotrimeric G protein subtypes thereby regulating highly divergent downstream signaling pathways, depending upon cellular context. Near ubiquitous expression and lack of CaSR isoforms presents challenges in development of disease-specific treatments without concomitant on-target side effects. Current approaches include development of biased agonists and/or targeting disease-specific epigenetic changes or regulation of subcellular localization. A broad understanding of the genetic, molecular, and cellular regulation of CaSR expression and signaling is crucial to understanding both its importance in normal physiology and devising unique, targeted treatments to treat disease.

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. Abnormal CaSR function is implicated in calciotropic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, and in non-calciotropic disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, sarcopenia and Alzheimer’s disease, which account for >25% of the global disease burden. CaSR is a unique GPCR whose principal physiological agonist is the calcium ion. CaSR is expressed almost ubiquitously. CaSR interacts with multiple heterotrimeric G protein subtypes thereby regulating highly divergent downstream signaling pathways, depending upon cellular context. Near ubiquitous expression and lack of CaSR isoforms presents challenges in development of disease-specific treatments without concomitant on-target side effects. Current approaches include development of biased agonists and/or targeting disease-specific epigenetic changes or regulation of subcellular localization. A broad understanding of the genetic, molecular, and cellular regulation of CaSR expression and signaling is crucial to understanding both its importance in normal physiology and devising unique, targeted treatments to treat disease.

Download ebook

Share

Editors

Medical University of Vienna

Impact

120,338 Total views

85,732 Article views

29,258 Article downloads

5,348 Topic views

Published In

Journal Thumbnail

Frontiers in Physiology

Integrative Physiology

About Frontiers Research Topics

With their unique mixes of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author.

Suggest a topic