Previous studies on the preventive vaccines against infectious diseases and the therapeutic antibodies against non-infectious diseases have shown many advances in controlling many acute and chronic diseases. Significantly, many vaccines and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, have become available in two years. However, most vaccines on the market have been administrated by intramuscular injection and antibodies by intravenous infusion, albeit that several studies have demonstrated the advantages of alternative delivery systems. For example, researchers have reported the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in the Phase 1 clinical trial of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in 2021.
Despite ongoing efforts by numerous scientists and physicians, many acute and chronic diseases persist, posing severe challenges for global public health. To face these challenges, ongoing studies should investigate various factors that could improve the efficacy of the vaccines/antibodies, including the suitable antigens and antibodies used, alternative delivery systems such as needle-free delivery devices, the specific epitopes/targets, the regulatory effect of immune cells and pathways, the correlates of protection, and even the design of clinical trials. Indeed, the past few years have ushered in novel techniques and concepts to develop and optimize the next generation of vaccines and antibodies. New delivery technologies have been applied to the biological to improve prevention and treatment efficiency. Many protein-based antigen presentation platforms were created to strengthen antigen-presenting cell uptake, lymph node trafficking, and B-cell activation. Directional delivery was rapidly developed and applied to increase local drug concentration. GalNAc, as a siRNA carrier, can promote the uptake of siRNA into hepatocytes. As a carrier, the anti-transferrin receptor antibody protein can cargo medicines into the brain. To increase intracellular entry, new delivery systems were rapidly applied. Lipid nanoparticle was extensively used to mRNA vaccines.
Meanwhile, the needle-free delivery device was usually used for DNA vaccines, significantly improving the prevention efficacy against many infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Further studies are required to define the characteristics of alternative delivery systems, such as needle-free delivery devices, biological-loaded microneedle-array patches, and oral/rectal/intravaginal administration systems, to improve convenience and/or mucosal immunity for the different diseases.
In this Research Topic, we welcome novel findings related to the antigen/antibody delivery systems and mechanisms of improved efficacy. We welcome submissions of Original Research, Review, Methods, and Mini Review on the sub-topics below:
• Antigen/antibody designs suitable for many different delivery systems
•Needle-free delivery devices
• Biologicals-loaded microneedle-array patches
• Nasal spray/intranasal installation/lung inhalation/intratracheal aerosol delivery devices
• Oral/rectal/ intravaginal administration systems
• Any other innovative antigen/antibody designs or delivery systems
Previous studies on the preventive vaccines against infectious diseases and the therapeutic antibodies against non-infectious diseases have shown many advances in controlling many acute and chronic diseases. Significantly, many vaccines and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, have become available in two years. However, most vaccines on the market have been administrated by intramuscular injection and antibodies by intravenous infusion, albeit that several studies have demonstrated the advantages of alternative delivery systems. For example, researchers have reported the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in the Phase 1 clinical trial of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in 2021.
Despite ongoing efforts by numerous scientists and physicians, many acute and chronic diseases persist, posing severe challenges for global public health. To face these challenges, ongoing studies should investigate various factors that could improve the efficacy of the vaccines/antibodies, including the suitable antigens and antibodies used, alternative delivery systems such as needle-free delivery devices, the specific epitopes/targets, the regulatory effect of immune cells and pathways, the correlates of protection, and even the design of clinical trials. Indeed, the past few years have ushered in novel techniques and concepts to develop and optimize the next generation of vaccines and antibodies. New delivery technologies have been applied to the biological to improve prevention and treatment efficiency. Many protein-based antigen presentation platforms were created to strengthen antigen-presenting cell uptake, lymph node trafficking, and B-cell activation. Directional delivery was rapidly developed and applied to increase local drug concentration. GalNAc, as a siRNA carrier, can promote the uptake of siRNA into hepatocytes. As a carrier, the anti-transferrin receptor antibody protein can cargo medicines into the brain. To increase intracellular entry, new delivery systems were rapidly applied. Lipid nanoparticle was extensively used to mRNA vaccines.
Meanwhile, the needle-free delivery device was usually used for DNA vaccines, significantly improving the prevention efficacy against many infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Further studies are required to define the characteristics of alternative delivery systems, such as needle-free delivery devices, biological-loaded microneedle-array patches, and oral/rectal/intravaginal administration systems, to improve convenience and/or mucosal immunity for the different diseases.
In this Research Topic, we welcome novel findings related to the antigen/antibody delivery systems and mechanisms of improved efficacy. We welcome submissions of Original Research, Review, Methods, and Mini Review on the sub-topics below:
• Antigen/antibody designs suitable for many different delivery systems
•Needle-free delivery devices
• Biologicals-loaded microneedle-array patches
• Nasal spray/intranasal installation/lung inhalation/intratracheal aerosol delivery devices
• Oral/rectal/ intravaginal administration systems
• Any other innovative antigen/antibody designs or delivery systems