Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological disease with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. Approximately over 30% of RCC patients are diagnosed with metastatic RCC. Localized RCC is most primarily managed by partial or radical nephrectomy. Studies in the pathophysiology of the disease have allowed the landscape of targeted systemic treatment and therapy for RCC to evolve over time.
From 2007, various anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) including sunitinib, pazopanib, and cabozantinib targets the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGR-receptors which demonstrated progression in the overall survival rate for RCC patients. Genetic analyses have further identified alternations in genes including MTOR, PTEN and PI3KCA which lead to the activation of the mTOR pathway causing tumor progression. Further first-line treatments for RCC patients include checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) which are involved with programmed cell death (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) pathways found to in RCC patients. Nivolumab has been widely tested as an inhibitor and demonstrated the overall survival rate and overall response rate when compared to the mTOR pathway inhibitor, everolimus.
Dual immune checkpoint inhibition with nivolumab and ipilimumab as well as the combination of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor and an immune checkpoint inhibitor have shown to improve outcomes in phase III trials in comparison to sunitinib. However, to date, there are no head-to-head trials comparing these new combination therapies and no biomarkers are available to guide the optimal choice of first line therapy.
The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss how the first line treatment improves the prognosis and survival rate for renal cell carcinoma patients. We welcome Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Systematic Reviews and Case Reports.
Please note: manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this section and will not be accepted as part of this Research Topic.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological disease with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. Approximately over 30% of RCC patients are diagnosed with metastatic RCC. Localized RCC is most primarily managed by partial or radical nephrectomy. Studies in the pathophysiology of the disease have allowed the landscape of targeted systemic treatment and therapy for RCC to evolve over time.
From 2007, various anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) including sunitinib, pazopanib, and cabozantinib targets the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGR-receptors which demonstrated progression in the overall survival rate for RCC patients. Genetic analyses have further identified alternations in genes including MTOR, PTEN and PI3KCA which lead to the activation of the mTOR pathway causing tumor progression. Further first-line treatments for RCC patients include checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) which are involved with programmed cell death (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) pathways found to in RCC patients. Nivolumab has been widely tested as an inhibitor and demonstrated the overall survival rate and overall response rate when compared to the mTOR pathway inhibitor, everolimus.
Dual immune checkpoint inhibition with nivolumab and ipilimumab as well as the combination of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor and an immune checkpoint inhibitor have shown to improve outcomes in phase III trials in comparison to sunitinib. However, to date, there are no head-to-head trials comparing these new combination therapies and no biomarkers are available to guide the optimal choice of first line therapy.
The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss how the first line treatment improves the prognosis and survival rate for renal cell carcinoma patients. We welcome Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Systematic Reviews and Case Reports.
Please note: manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this section and will not be accepted as part of this Research Topic.
