Immune cell heterogeneity in immune responses impedes the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases. Deeply understanding the effects of immune cell subpopulations and how they act in concert have significant and multifold impacts on translational medicine. Cell type-specific biomarkers can facilitate the acute and early identification of high-risk patients, disease diagnosis, and prognosis. Immune responses of cell subpopulations in pathogens clearance or resolution phase that restores homeostasis following inflammation or cancer can provide preventive or therapeutic targeting.The immune responses of cell subpopulations highly depend on the micro-environmental stimuli. Local immune modulation has become increasingly more attractive for the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases, including infection, inflammation, and cancer. Immune cell subpopulations within niches come not only from secondary lymphoid organs, but may also occur in sites of infection or inflammation, and tumor microenvironment. Investigation of the local immune modulation is very complicated, due to the dynamic and complex interactions between environmental stimuli and heterogeneous immune cell subpopulations at divergent developmental stages with a vast array of specialized functions.High throughput technology, such as mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomic, and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC), integrated with cutting-edge systems biology and genomics approaches enable unbiased and systematical decryption of the detailed landscape of immune cell subpopulations. These advances have brought about a new era for the characterization of immune cell subpopulations and their interactions in the complex tissue microenvironment at single-cell resolution. They also help to more deeply understand the multifaceted roles of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulation during disease progression and treatment. Thus, such approaches would contribute toward advancing translational medicine, including the development of biomarkers and novel immunotherapy strategies such as adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, modified cytokines, immunometabolism etc.In this Research Topic, we welcome submissions of Original Research Articles, Reviews, Systematic Reviews, and Perspectives that address the roles of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulations with niche, heterogeneity, and interactions in the responses of tissues in any steps of infection, inflammation, or cancer by high throughput technology for translational medicine and therapeutic strategies. Cell subpopulation studies in human tissues, in mouse models, and in organoids are welcome. Immunotherapy regulation provides new insight into the local modulation of immune cell subpopulation, which is also welcome. Some potential topics of interest include but are not limited to:1) Characterization of the phenotypic and functional immune cell subpopulations at a single cell level.2) Disclosure of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulations for therapeutic targeting or reprogramming by in vitro and/or in vivo models.3) Tissue-specific infiltration of immune cell subpopulations associated with histopathological and clinical characteristics for stratifying patients for clinical trials.4) High throughput technology integrated with cutting-edge systems biology to decipher the cell type-specific immune responses for clinical biomarker development and therapeutic purposes.5) Identification of key immune cell subpopulations and genes in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis or tissue repair for prevention or intervention.Topic editor Dr. Die Wang is employed by Genentech. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.
Immune cell heterogeneity in immune responses impedes the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases. Deeply understanding the effects of immune cell subpopulations and how they act in concert have significant and multifold impacts on translational medicine. Cell type-specific biomarkers can facilitate the acute and early identification of high-risk patients, disease diagnosis, and prognosis. Immune responses of cell subpopulations in pathogens clearance or resolution phase that restores homeostasis following inflammation or cancer can provide preventive or therapeutic targeting.The immune responses of cell subpopulations highly depend on the micro-environmental stimuli. Local immune modulation has become increasingly more attractive for the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases, including infection, inflammation, and cancer. Immune cell subpopulations within niches come not only from secondary lymphoid organs, but may also occur in sites of infection or inflammation, and tumor microenvironment. Investigation of the local immune modulation is very complicated, due to the dynamic and complex interactions between environmental stimuli and heterogeneous immune cell subpopulations at divergent developmental stages with a vast array of specialized functions.High throughput technology, such as mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomic, and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC), integrated with cutting-edge systems biology and genomics approaches enable unbiased and systematical decryption of the detailed landscape of immune cell subpopulations. These advances have brought about a new era for the characterization of immune cell subpopulations and their interactions in the complex tissue microenvironment at single-cell resolution. They also help to more deeply understand the multifaceted roles of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulation during disease progression and treatment. Thus, such approaches would contribute toward advancing translational medicine, including the development of biomarkers and novel immunotherapy strategies such as adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, modified cytokines, immunometabolism etc.In this Research Topic, we welcome submissions of Original Research Articles, Reviews, Systematic Reviews, and Perspectives that address the roles of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulations with niche, heterogeneity, and interactions in the responses of tissues in any steps of infection, inflammation, or cancer by high throughput technology for translational medicine and therapeutic strategies. Cell subpopulation studies in human tissues, in mouse models, and in organoids are welcome. Immunotherapy regulation provides new insight into the local modulation of immune cell subpopulation, which is also welcome. Some potential topics of interest include but are not limited to:1) Characterization of the phenotypic and functional immune cell subpopulations at a single cell level.2) Disclosure of local immune modulation of immune cell subpopulations for therapeutic targeting or reprogramming by in vitro and/or in vivo models.3) Tissue-specific infiltration of immune cell subpopulations associated with histopathological and clinical characteristics for stratifying patients for clinical trials.4) High throughput technology integrated with cutting-edge systems biology to decipher the cell type-specific immune responses for clinical biomarker development and therapeutic purposes.5) Identification of key immune cell subpopulations and genes in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis or tissue repair for prevention or intervention.Topic editor Dr. Die Wang is employed by Genentech. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.