Current Progress in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Research, volume II

Editorial

13 March 2023

Editorial: Current progress in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell research, volume II

Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles

Darius Widera

and

Marcela F. Bolontrade

1,856 views

0 citations

Editors

Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles

Lutheran University of Brazil

Marcela F Bolontrade

CONICET Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)

Darius Widera

University of Reading

Impact

Extracellular vesicles are a generic name for many kinds of vesicles released by cells; their origin and size are determinants in their classification. Exosomes present size between 30 and 120 nm, and an endosome being initially formed in cell cytosol from the early endosomes until late endosome release by the influence of specific proteins such as ESCRT and Rab family and could be excreted by any type of cells, including MSCs, tumor cells, and, even, immune cells. Microvesicles could present size within the range of 100–1,000 nm and could be released by any cells, whereas apoptotic bodies are the biggest group, excreted only for apoptotic cells. Image created on BioRender.

Review

01 March 2023

Role of MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles in tissue repair and regeneration

Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga

, 3 more and

Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira

8,827 views

35 citations

Review

12 October 2022

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells—from bench to bedside

Shashank Chetty

, 7 more and

Avnesh S Thakor

7,166 views

19 citations

Timeline and culture conditions for the MN differentiation of hAFSCs. The picture reported in detail the small molecules used to induce the MN differentiation. Cells were grown on Matrigel until day 11 and then were detached and replated on polyornitine/laminin plates. During the differentiation process the IMDM medium was gradually replaced with N2 medium until day 11, when it was changed into Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27. *IMDM medium: IMDM 20%FBS supplemented 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine. **N2 medium: IMDM supplemented with N2, 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine.

Original Research

22 July 2022

Human mesenchymal amniotic fluid stem cells reveal an unexpected neuronal potential differentiating into functional spinal motor neurons

Giulia Gaggi

, 4 more and

Barbara Ghinassi

3,272 views

14 citations

Phenotypical characterization of ASCs. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of ASC cells stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against the mesenchymal markers CD29, CD166, CD90, and CD44, or the hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45. Purple areas represent patterns obtained with antibodies against the indicated markers, whereas pink lines represent the isotype-matched monoclonal antibody that served as a control. (B) Phase-contrast photomicrograph showing the fibroblast-like morphology of ASCs. Scale bar: 200 μm. (C) Representative images of CD29 and CD166 expression in ASCs by IF analysis. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Original Research

02 September 2022

Inhibiting DNA methylation as a strategy to enhance adipose-derived stem cells differentiation: Focus on the role of Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways on adipogenesis

S. Ceccarelli

, 9 more and

C. Marchese

3,132 views

9 citations

Pericytes and mesenchymal stromal cells in vivo and in vitro. The upper left portion of the figure shows a schematic representation of a portion of a tissue, where a small blood vessel formed by endothelial cells is surrounded by vascular smooth muscle cells at the arteriole level, and by different types of pericytes, including a transitional form that represents an intermediate between vascular smooth muscle cells and capillary pericytes. A paravascular interstitial cell is also represented, as well as a monocyte, and tissue-specific cells. The lower left portion of this figure represents the fact that not only pericytes, but various cell types including some mature tissue-specific cells, endothelial cells, and even monocytes have been found to be able to give rise to cells bearing mesenchymal stromal cell characteristics in culture. The right half of the figure schematically depicts the conversion of monocytes into M1 macrophages after a tissue injury event, in the inflammatory stage of wound healing (for sake of simplification, tissue-resident macrophages are not depicted). These M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory factors, which lead to pericyte activation and, possibly, paravascular interstitial cell proliferation. In the proliferative stage of wound healing, the progeny of perivascular cells secrete molecules that contribute to change the balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-regenerative macrophages toward an increase of the latter type, referred to as “macrophages of the M2 spectrum”. As these reparative macrophages become more prevalent, they produce increased numbers of anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative molecules. In the reparative stage of the wound healing process, reparative macrophages contribute to angiogenesis, which restores blood supply to the tissue; additionally, some of the previously activated pericytes may re-acquire a resting pericyte phenotype to provide physical and functional support to the newly formed blood vessels. Soluble molecules produced by cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (whether in extracellular vesicles or not), or cultured mesenchymal stromal cells themselves, can be used to favor the acquisition of a reparative phenotype by monocytes and M1 macrophages, as represented by the arrow that connects the lower left and right portions of the figure.

Review

02 March 2023

Mesenchymal “stem” cells, or facilitators for the development of regenerative macrophages? Pericytes at the interface of wound healing

Renan Fava Marson

, 1 more and

Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles

3,399 views

6 citations

Original Research

24 January 2023

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 generates immunomodulatory plasticity in human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells that is inflammatory context-dependent

Christian Behm

, 4 more and

Oleh Andrukhov

3,232 views

5 citations

Original Research

31 October 2022

How osteogenic is dexamethasone?—effect of the corticosteroid on the osteogenesis, extracellular matrix, and secretion of osteoclastogenic factors of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells

Felix Umrath

, 5 more and

Andreas Naros

4,132 views

2 citations

Open for submission

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