Recent technological achievements in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the high-throughput analysis of B-cell receptor (BCR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires at an unprecedented scale. Data obtained from these analyses reveal that the percentage of shared clonotypes among populations is much higher than the theoretical value based on the mechanisms underlying BCR and TCR variable region V(D)J gene assembly. For example, the repertoire characterized in convalescent patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed stereotypic virus-neutralizing BCR clonotypes reactive to spike proteins encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This stereotypic clonotype was also present in the repertoire sampled before COVID-19 emergence, suggesting that the basic mechanism underlying stereotypic clonotype generation and their roles in human pathophysiology represent critical issues.
In this Research Topic, we would like to address the microbiome contributions to B- and T-cell development, including the shaping of BCR and TCR repertoires and the roles of microbiome-derived clonotypes in human pathophysiology. The microbiome is thought to provide the antigenic pool required for B- and T-cell development, supported by a study demonstrating the evolution of the BCR repertoire in germ-free mice following mucosal or systemic microbiota inoculation and the finding that the liver TCR repertoire is significantly correlated with the gut microbiome population. Mechanistically , cross-reactivity of commensal bacterial antigens with tumor (neo)epitopes, autoantigens, and viral antigens associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has recently been reported. The Env vaccine targeting HIV-1 induced CD4+ T- and B-cell responses in intestinal microbiota-reactive immune cells. In a transferred CD4+ T cell mouse model of colitis, microbial antigens reprogramed naïve CD4+ T cells into a regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage, the expansion of which limited wasting disease. The influence of the microbiome on autoimmune diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and ocular inflammatory disease; colorectal cancer; and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response in advanced non–small cell lung cancer, has also been demonstrated in recent studies.
Potential topics include, but are not limited to:
• Investigation of BCR, TCR, and immune repertoire using next-generation sequencing.
• Investigation of the microbiome using next-generation sequencing.
• Relationship between the microbiome and immune repertoire.
• Mechanisms through which the microbiome shapes the immune repertoire.
• Effects of the microbiome-influenced immune repertoire on human disease.
Recent technological achievements in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the high-throughput analysis of B-cell receptor (BCR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires at an unprecedented scale. Data obtained from these analyses reveal that the percentage of shared clonotypes among populations is much higher than the theoretical value based on the mechanisms underlying BCR and TCR variable region V(D)J gene assembly. For example, the repertoire characterized in convalescent patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed stereotypic virus-neutralizing BCR clonotypes reactive to spike proteins encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This stereotypic clonotype was also present in the repertoire sampled before COVID-19 emergence, suggesting that the basic mechanism underlying stereotypic clonotype generation and their roles in human pathophysiology represent critical issues.
In this Research Topic, we would like to address the microbiome contributions to B- and T-cell development, including the shaping of BCR and TCR repertoires and the roles of microbiome-derived clonotypes in human pathophysiology. The microbiome is thought to provide the antigenic pool required for B- and T-cell development, supported by a study demonstrating the evolution of the BCR repertoire in germ-free mice following mucosal or systemic microbiota inoculation and the finding that the liver TCR repertoire is significantly correlated with the gut microbiome population. Mechanistically , cross-reactivity of commensal bacterial antigens with tumor (neo)epitopes, autoantigens, and viral antigens associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has recently been reported. The Env vaccine targeting HIV-1 induced CD4+ T- and B-cell responses in intestinal microbiota-reactive immune cells. In a transferred CD4+ T cell mouse model of colitis, microbial antigens reprogramed naïve CD4+ T cells into a regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage, the expansion of which limited wasting disease. The influence of the microbiome on autoimmune diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and ocular inflammatory disease; colorectal cancer; and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response in advanced non–small cell lung cancer, has also been demonstrated in recent studies.
Potential topics include, but are not limited to:
• Investigation of BCR, TCR, and immune repertoire using next-generation sequencing.
• Investigation of the microbiome using next-generation sequencing.
• Relationship between the microbiome and immune repertoire.
• Mechanisms through which the microbiome shapes the immune repertoire.
• Effects of the microbiome-influenced immune repertoire on human disease.