Remote Sensing of Volcanic Gas Emissions from the Ground, Air, and Space

Editorial

28 November 2023

Editorial: Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space

Christoph Kern

Santiago Arellano

Robin Campion

Silvana Hidalgo

and

Ryunosuke Kazahaya

1,835 views

1 citations

Editors

Christoph Kern

Cascades Volcano Observatory, United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Santiago Arellano

Chalmers University of Technology

Robin Campion

National Autonomous University of Mexico

Silvana Hidalgo

Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnice Nacional

Ryunosuke KAZAHAYA

Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Impact

Frequency distribution of the meteorological Wind direction (A), Wind speed (B), and daily maximum of the vertical HCl columns (C). The maximum HCl column retrievals are classified into subgroups based on the frequency of their occurrence (C). The different colors represent measurement days for all measurements (blue), the highest 14% (green), highest 10% (red), or highest 6% (light blue). For these different sets of measurements, the histograms of the corresponding wind direction (WD) and windspeed (WS) are shown in panels (A, B). The retrieval errors of the HCl product, retrieved in the NIR, is larger than the vertical HCl column density of the atmospheric background. The wind direction and wind speed used here were obtained from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) simulations for the 500 hPa pressure level as also described in the text. The most frequent wind direction for measurement with a significant HCl enhancement is towards the North. The two general most frequent wind directions however are towards the east (WD=270°)and west (WD=90°).

Original Research

04 August 2023

Direct solar FTIR measurements of CO2 and HCl in the plume of Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Wolfgang Stremme

, 8 more and

Frank Hase

1,896 views

6 citations

(A) Simulated spectra: a clean air “sky” spectrum and simulated measurement spectra of an SO2 plume located at 0, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 m above ground level. We can see clearly that spectra from higher plumes have higher intensity due to added light from dilution. (B) The spectra from various plume heights, divided by the clean air “sky” reference. Note the spectral distortion for the spectra from elevated plumes, as well as the SO2 broadband absorption.

Original Research

12 July 2023

An algorithm for correction of atmospheric scattering dilution effects in volcanic gas emission measurements using skylight differential optical absorption spectroscopy

B. Galle

, 3 more and

M. A. Pfeffer

2,260 views

1 citations

Geographical and geological information on the study area (A) overview of the major volcano-structural features in El Salvador adapted from Mann et al., 2004. In (B) and (C) Scan geometry and wind rose displaying from where the wind is blowing at (B) El Águila station, 5.8 Km from Santa Ana volcano and (C) Piedra Azul, Finca and San Jorge stations downwind San Miguel volcano. In-situ sampling sites are displayed in (D) for Santa Ana volcano, and (E) San Miguel volcano during the 2019 and 2020 surveys.

Original Research

01 June 2023

Geochemical characterization of volcanic gas emissions at Santa Ana and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador, using remote-sensing and in situ measurements

Xochilt Gutiérrez

, 9 more and

Demetrio Escobar

1,932 views

0 citations

(A) Location map of the Lastarria Volcanic Complex and (B) picture of the 4 fumarolic fields (seen from the North).

Original Research

20 April 2023

Evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Lastarria volcano (Northern Chile) between 2006 and 2019: Insights from fluid geochemistry

Susana Layana

, 7 more and

Andrew John Samuel McGonigle

2,535 views

6 citations

Example multispectral image recorded with the airborne Imaging DOAS. Each of the 48 fibers in the bundle produces a spectrum, which is mapped horizontally on the detector. Areas between fibers (cladding) appear as dark rows. The intensity along the white vertical line is plotted at right (in detector counts).

Original Research

05 May 2023

Weak degassing from remote Alaska volcanoes characterized with a new airborne imaging DOAS instrument and a suite of in situ sensors

Christoph Kern

and

Peter J. Kelly

3,065 views

1 citations

Original Research

18 May 2023

Sulfur dioxide flux measurement at Mount Tokachi, Japan, with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument

Kensuke Yamaguchi

, 3 more and

Ryunosuke Kazahaya

2,402 views

2 citations

Original Research

20 April 2023

Quantifying BrO and SO2 distributions in volcanic plumes—Recent advances in imaging Fabry-Pérot interferometer correlation spectroscopy

Alexander Nies

, 4 more and

Ulrich Platt

1,439 views

1 citations

Original Research

06 April 2023

Combined direct-sun ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)

N. Taquet

, 7 more and

T. Blumenstock

4,038 views

0 citations

(A) Emission rate (Φ) time series as in Figure 6 but corrected for light dilution. Blue shaded region shows the difference between the uncorrected and corrected emission rates for the flow_glob series. (B) A longer-term series spanning 20th-21st May based on flow_glob plume speeds (blue) with a 10-min moving average (red). Plume speed (veff) is also displayed and is relatively consistent across the 2 days, unlike the emission rate which is significantly higher on the 21st.

Original Research

04 April 2023

A new permanent, low-cost, low-power SO2 camera for continuous measurement of volcanic emissions

Thomas Charles Wilkes

, 7 more and

Chengxi Zhu

9,027 views

2 citations

Original Research

01 March 2023

High-spectral-resolution Fabry-Pérot interferometers overcome fundamental limitations of present volcanic gas remote sensing techniques

Jonas Kuhn

, 8 more and

Ulrich Platt

3,059 views

5 citations

Original Research

07 February 2023

Classification of lava lakes based on their heat and SO2 emission: Implications for their formation and feeding processes

Robin Campion

and

Diego Coppola

5,238 views

3 citations

SO2 column density images derived from processing of UV1 (A) and UV7 (B) SO2 camera stations. The top panels represent the normalized SO2 column amount profiles obtained along transects (one per camera) intersecting the crater terrace (see dashed white areas in the pseudo-color images). These profiles allow spatially locating the NEC and SWCC emission sources, and separately resolving their SO2 contributions.

Original Research

28 October 2022

Spatio-temporal changes in degassing behavior at Stromboli volcano derived from two co-exposed SO2 camera stations

Dario Delle Donne

, 7 more and

Alessandro Aiuppa

3,411 views

6 citations

Original Research

05 January 2023

Automatic retrieval of volcanic SO2 emission source from TROPOMI products

Balazs Markus

, 2 more and

Olaf Hellwich

2,476 views

5 citations

Original Research

06 January 2023

Quantification of gas, ash, and sulphate aerosols in volcanic plumes from open path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) emission measurements at Stromboli volcano, Italy

Jean-François Smekens

, 6 more and

Roy G. Grainger

2,195 views

2 citations

Original Research

13 September 2022

Out of the blue: Volcanic SO2 emissions during the 2021–2022 eruptions of Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’apai (Tonga)

S. A. Carn

, 2 more and

C. Li

8,479 views

67 citations

Original Research

12 September 2022

Forecasting explosions at Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia, based on SO2 emission rates

Syegi Kunrat

, 2 more and

Allan H. Lerner

3,334 views

9 citations

Original Research

14 July 2022

Behaviors of Redox-Sensitive Components in the Volcanic Plume at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua: H2 Oxidation and CO Preservation in Air

Ryunosuke Kazahaya

, 4 more and

Martha Ibarra

1,665 views

1 citations

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