We are living in a sensor world. Sensors are used in the house, office, car, and other areas detecting our presence by turning lights on, adjusting room temperature, detecting fires, and many other tasks. Today sensor has become a “buzz word”, without which it is hard to imagine living. They play a vital role in all sectors including housing, industry, aviation, medicine, and automobiles to name a few. Sensors can be manufactured with many types of materials. However, sensors made of ceramics have significance and have advantages when compared to those made from other materials. This mini review examines ceramic sensors and their applications in various sectors including the materials used to build them and their functioning in different areas. The paper precisely reports ceramic sensors and their applications in industry, including the medical, automotive, and aviation sectors.

Aluminosilicate glasses are materials with a wide range of technological applications. The field strength of network-modifying cations strongly influences the structure of aluminosilicate glasses and their suitability for various applications. In this work, we study the influence of the field strength of network-modifying cations on the structure of [(Na₂O)_1–x(MgO)_x(Al₂O₃)₀.₂₅(SiO₂)₁.₂₅] glasses. Due to the higher cation field strength of magnesium than sodium, magnesium prefers the role of network modifier, while sodium preferentially acts as a charge compensator. When magnesium replaces sodium as network modifier, Q³ silicon species are converted into Q² species. The replacement of sodium with magnesium as charge compensator leads to the following changes: (1) the proportion of aluminum-rich Q⁴ species [Q⁴(4Al) and Q⁴(3Al)] decreases, while the proportion of aluminum-deficient Q⁴ species [Q⁴(2Al) and Q⁴(1Al)] increases; and (2) there is an increased tendency for phase separation between silica-rich and alumina-rich glasses.