From Nutrigenomics to Functional food and Diet: Insights in Lipid Metabolism

Editors

Monica Colitti

Department of Agri-Environmental, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Udine

Dongdong Wang

McMaster University

Egeria Scoditti

Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR)

Impact

Schematic representation of the association of Ca2+ and lipid accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes. The proposed mechanism is a positive feedback loop between alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis and formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplet. Alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis promotes lipid synthesis and inhibits lipid degradation. An increase in [Ca2+]i inhibits autophagy of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and a decrease in SOCE activity causes inhibition of lipolysis, and an increase in [Ca2+]MT inhibits beta-oxidation pathway. In contrast, lipids induce changes in Ca2+ homeostasis through inhibition of SOCE (e.g., Orai) and SERCA2b activities. Lipids also activate InsP3R indirectly and increase the expression of TRPV1.

Review

15 December 2022

The interaction of TRPV1 and lipids: Insights into lipid metabolism

Shtaywy S. Abdalla

, 2 more and

Yasser K. Bustanji

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective ligand-gated cation channel with high permeability for Ca²⁺, has received considerable attention as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several disorders including pain, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. In particular, TRPV1 regulates lipid metabolism by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Interestingly, TRPV1 and lipids regulate each other in a reciprocal and complex manner. This review surveyed the recent literature dealing with the role of TRPV1 in the hyperlipidemia-associated metabolic syndrome. Besides TRPV1 structure, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of TRPV1 on lipid metabolism such as the involvement of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol responsive element binding protein (SREBP), and hypoxia have been discussed. Additionally, this review extends our understanding of the lipid-dependent modulation of TRPV1 activity through affecting both the gating and the expression of TRPV1. The regulatory role of different classes of lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI), cholesterol, estrogen, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), on TRPV1 has also been addressed.

7,819 views

15 citations

Review

13 May 2022

Omics Technology for the Promotion of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods

Deepu Pandita

and

Anu Pandita

The influence of nutrition and environment on human health has been known for ages. Phytonutrients (7,000 flavonoids and phenolic compounds; 600 carotenoids) and pro-health nutrients—nutraceuticals positively add to human health and may prevent disorders such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Plant-derived bioactive metabolites have acquired an imperative function in human diet and nutrition. Natural phytochemicals affect genome expression (nutrigenomics and transcriptomics) and signaling pathways and act as epigenetic modulators of the epigenome (nutri epigenomics). Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, miRNomics, and metabolomics are some of the main platforms of complete omics analyses, finding use in functional food and nutraceuticals. Now the recent advancement in the integrated omics approach, which is an amalgamation of multiple omics platforms, is practiced comprehensively to comprehend food functionality in food science.

7,930 views

15 citations

Effect of maternal intake of EPA/DHA on genes regulating myogenesis, muscle protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, muscle contraction, and adipogenesis in day 1 neonates. The mothers were assigned to two groups, one received control diet (CON) and the other was fed EPA/DHA enriched diet (FA) (A) Quantitative RT-qPCR (n = 8) and representative image and densitometric analysis of western blot (n = 4) of genes regulating myogenesis (B) Quantitative RT-qPCR (n = 8) and representative image and densitometric analysis of western blot (n = 4) of genes encoding muscle protein synthesis (C) The relative expression of glucose metabolism regulating genes (n = 8). (D) qPCR analysis of genes regulating muscle contractile proteins (n = 8). The raw Ct was normalized to the value of 18 s. All data represent as mean ± SEM. p < 0.05 by Student’s t-test.

Original Research

06 June 2022

The Effects of Maternal Intake of EPA and DHA Enriched Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation on Offspring’s Muscle Development and Energy Homeostasis

Saeed Ghnaimawi

, 2 more and

Yan Huang

4,682 views

5 citations

Original Research

28 February 2022

Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Remodeling Metabolism and Inflammation

Yang Lu

, 10 more and

Wei Pan

Recent years have witnessed a rise in the morbidity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in line with the global outbreak of obesity. However, effective intervention strategy against NAFLD is still unavailable. The present study sought to investigate the effect and mechanism of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC), a classic hepatoprotective drug, on NAFLD induced by high fat diet (HFD). We found that PPC intervention reduced the mass of liver, subcutaneous, epididymal, and brown fats in HFD mice. Furthermore, PPC supplementation significantly mitigated liver steatosis and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD mice, which was accompanied by declined levels of hepatic triglyceride, serum triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Using transcriptome analysis, there were 1,789 differentially expressed genes (| fold change | ≥ 2, P < 0.05) including 893 upregulated genes and 896 downregulated genes in the HFD group compared to LC group. A total of 1,114 upregulated genes and 1,337 downregulated genes in HFD + PPC group were identified in comparison to HFD group. With the help of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, these differentially expressed genes between HFD+PPC and HFD group were discovered related to “lipid metabolic process (GO: 0006629),” “lipid modification (GO: 0030258),” and “lipid homeostasis (GO: 0055088)”. Though Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we found pathways associated with hepatic homeostasis of metabolism and inflammation. Notably, the pathway “Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (mmu04932)” (P-value = 0.00698) was authenticated in the study, which may inspire the potential mechanism of PPC to ameliorate NAFLD. The study also found that lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipid export associated genes were upregulated, while the genes in uptake of lipids and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in the liver of HFD mice after PPC supplementation. Interestingly, PPC attenuated the metabolic inflammation via inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophage in the livers of mice fed by HFD. In summary, this study demonstrates that PPC can ameliorate HFD-induced liver steatosis via reprogramming metabolic and inflammatory processes, which inspire clues for further clarifying the intervention mechanism of PPC against NAFLD.

6,562 views

20 citations

Open for submission