Insights in Antigen Presenting Cell Biology: 2021

Editorial

17 November 2022

Editorial: Insights in antigen presenting cell biology: 2021

Peter van Endert

1,905 views

0 citations

Editors

Florent Ginhoux

Singapore Immunology Network (A*STAR)

Elodie Segura

Institut Curie

Peter M Van Endert

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Manfred B. Lutz

Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg

Impact

Original Research

17 October 2022

Autofluorescence identifies highly phagocytic tissue-resident macrophages in mouse and human skin and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Pierre Bourdely

, 11 more and

Fabienne Anjuère

6,484 views

7 citations

Review

13 June 2022

To Be or Not to Be: The Case of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2

Piotr Kuśnierczyk

3,714 views

8 citations

(A) Immunofluorescence imaging of intestinal sections from XCR1-Venus (Xcr1+/venus) mice. XCR1+ DC can be detected by Venus expression. Cell nuclei were stained with Diamidino-2-phenylindole. (B) Once activated, intestinal T cells produce XCL1, which attracts XCR1+ DC. XCR1+ DC support survival, upregulation of CD103, CCR9, α4β7, and XCL1 expression, downregulation of CD62L expression and generation of CD4+CD8αα+ IEL, thereby leading to maintenance of intraepithelial and LP T cell populations. T cell-derived XCL1 then keep CCR7 expression of XCR1+ DC to enable migration of XCR1+ DC from the LP to the mesenteric lymph nodes. High expression of XCR1 and β8 integrin and high activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which can convert retinal to retinoic acid, contribute to XCR1+DC-dependent mechanisms.

Review

27 May 2022

Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis

Izumi Sasaki

, 5 more and

Tsuneyasu Kaisho

10,236 views

9 citations

The lungs are constantly exposed to environmental and infectious agents such as dust, viruses, fungi, and bacteria that invade the lungs upon breathing. The lungs are protected by various types of immune cells and epithelial cells. Lung DCs are largely divided into three major subsets and are broadly subdivided into pDCs, cDC1s and cDC2s. MACs in the lungs consist of two major populations: AMs and IMs. LECs consist of ATI and ATII cells in the alveoli, and the endothelial cells and other types of cells constituting the bronchial airway epithelium. Monocytes migrate to the lungs in response to inflammatory stimuli in a CCR2-dependent manner and these cells differentiate to moDCs or AMs. Small blood vessels allow oxygen to be extracted from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide to be released from the blood into the air. The cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels are the pulmonary endothelial cells. These cells function as APCs that engulf pathogens through endocytosis or phagocytosis and present their peptides on major MHC-I or MHC-II protein complex to CD8+ or CD4+ T cells.

Review

09 May 2022

Antigen Presentation in the Lung

Takumi Kawasaki

, 1 more and

Taro Kawai

10,057 views

34 citations

Exogenous antigens are acquired through fluid phase endocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytosolic proteins enter MHC II compartments through Macroautophagy (MA), upon fusion of the Autophagosomes with Lysosomes (Autophagolysosome) or with Late Endosomes (Amphisome); Endosomal Microautophagy (eMI, ESCRT-dependent and independent), and LAMP2A-mediated chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Additional antigen-acquisition routes include preprocessed cytosolic proteasome-generated peptides, as well as acquisition of extracellular peptides present in biological fluids loaded on plasma membrane and early-endosomes recycling MHC-II molecules. As such, MHC-II-eluted self-peptides derived from a variety of processing pathways including Cathepsins, Caspases and other endopeptidase such as asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), among many others.

Mini Review

16 May 2022

Molecular Determinants Regulating the Plasticity of the MHC Class II Immunopeptidome

Laura Santambrogio

7,015 views

21 citations

Domains are designated with Latin numbers and surfaces are colored with cyan C atoms for ERAP1 and orange C atoms for ERAP2. The position of the interacting exon 10 loop and the buried surface area (BSA) of each complex are indicated.

Original Research

20 April 2022

Can ERAP1 and ERAP2 Form Functional Heterodimers? A Structural Dynamics Investigation

Athanasios Papakyriakou

, 1 more and

Efstratios Stratikos

3,054 views

8 citations

During LC3 associated phagocytosis (LAP) the cargo engages certain receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR2. This leads to the recruitment of the LC3 lipidation machinery (ATG5/12/16L1) via the vacuolar ATPase subunit V1A. LC3 lipidation is stabilized by the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) which inhibits LC3 deconjugation by oxidation of ATG4. LC3 associated phagosomes eventually fuse with MHC class II containing compartments (MIIC). In these their cargo is degraded and loaded onto MHC class II molecules which are then transported to the cell surface for CD4+ T cell stimulation. Macroautophagy delivers intracellular antigens, such as ubiquitinated protein aggregates that are recruited into phagophores by autophagy receptors such as p62, with autophagosomes to MIICs. These intracellular antigens can then also be broken down by lysosomal hydrolases for loading onto MHC class II molecules.

Mini Review

04 March 2022

Canonical and Non-Canonical Functions of the Autophagy Machinery in MHC Restricted Antigen Presentation

Christian Münz

6,125 views

16 citations

(11). The spliced peptide requires an additional proteasomal cleavage for 9mer generation. (B) Proteasome catalyzed peptide splicing in cis, inverse and in trans.

Review

21 February 2022

Neo-Splicetopes in Tumor Therapy: A Lost Case?

Peter M. Kloetzel

1,713 views

3 citations

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