Vascular Anomalies in Pediatrics

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Background

Vascular anomalies include both vascular tumors (benign, borderline and malignant) and vascular malformations (low-flow and high-flow). Diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies can be challenging, particularly in infancy and childhood. The infantile hemangioma may lead to life-threatening, obstructive and disfiguring complications. In case of required treatment with oral propranolol, the early diagnosis is mandatory to obtain the best treatment outcome. In case of segmental infantile hemangiomas > 5 cm, the association with specific syndromes and/or with laryngeal involvement need to be investigated. Screening for infantile hepatic hemangiomas with abdominal ultrasound is recommended in infants with five or more cutaneous infantile hemangiomas. Both benign and borderline vascular tumors can be associated with complications and malignant vascular tumors can be characterized by a negative prognosis. Low-flow and high-flow vascular malformations can be simple, combined and part of complex syndromes. The treatment includes surgery, laser therapy, interventional radiology procedures and medical options.

The goal of this project is to highlight the importance of a correct management of the vascular anomalies in the pediatric population. New aspects regarding pathogenesis, clinical aspects, differential diagnoses, treatments and follow-up of infantile hemangiomas are suitable for this collection. The analysis of other vascular tumors, with a focus on the early diagnosis and management of possible complications, such as the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon and the associated risk of bleeding and organ dysfunction, is considered highly interesting. The vascular malformations deserve special attention, due to the possible worsening of the lesions over time, associated morbidities and the key role in the diagnosis of complex syndromes. In these cases, the role of a multidisciplinary team, including pediatricians, dermatologist, surgeon, geneticist and radiologist, is considered fundamental to achieve the best management. The other key point is the ongoing advancement in the field of genetics which allows the continuous development of new approaches to diagnosis and opportunities for target therapies.

The scope of this Research Topic is to define the best approach in managing vascular anomalies in children and adolescents. Data report, opinion, case report, original articles, review, book review, focused review and protocols are suitable for publication.
Possible themes:
• Early diagnosis of vascular tumors and syndromes with vascular anomalies.
• Follow-up of infantile hemangiomas, vascular malformations and PROS (PIK3-CA-related overgrowth spectrum).
• Ulcerated infantile hemangiomas
• Infantile hemangiomas on unusual anatomical sites
• Treatment side effects and outcomes in infantile hemangiomas
• Dermoscopy in vascular anomalies
• Imaging in diagnosis and follow-up of vascular anomalies
• Laser treatments
• Surgical treatments
• Target treatments
• Interventional radiology procedures
• Complications of vascular malformations
• Vascular malformations on challenging anatomical sites
• Genetic and molecular basis for vascular anomalies in children and adolescents
• Rare diseases with vascular anomalies
• Multidisciplinary approaches for management of vascular anomalies

Keywords: Vascular tumors, Vascular malformations, Vascular anomalies, Children, Newborns

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