ICD-11 Personality Disorders: Utility and Implications of the New Model

The recently published World Health Organization’s (WHO) Eleventh Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) provides a paradigm shift in the conceptualization and classification of personality disorder (PD). It is important to note that in a couple of years, this ICD-11 approach must be used for coding purposes across all WHO member countries. Interestingly, the ICD-11 includes a fundamentally new way of diagnosing PD, consisting of a dimensional model, which classifies PDs in terms of (a) an overall level of severity of personality dysfunction (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe) and (b) across five broad trait domains of negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia. Notably, the ICD-11 PD model substantially aligns with the extensively evaluated Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in DSM-5 Section III, and the utility of the AMPD model is therefore expected to be generalizable and applicable to the ICD-11 PD model. In addition, a couple of new measures and algorithms are now provided to operationalize ICD-11 PD features, including various instruments for overall self/other functioning along with trait instruments such as the PiCD, FFiCD, PID5BF+, and an ICD-11 algorithm for the original PID-5.

The goal of this Research Topic is to examine, evaluate, or discuss the different clinical or scientific aspects of the new ICD-11 personality disorder classification based on the aforementioned instruments, correspondences with the AMPD model, or other relevant frameworks of personality functioning and traits. Thus, contributors may also take advantage of existing AMPD data (i.e., LPFS and PID-5 data) and ideally use algorithms for ICD-11 trait domain qualifiers. The SASPD has previously been introduced as a screening measure for the initial ICD-11 PD proposal. However, this measure is no longer relevant for the finally approved ICD-11 PD classification, and it will therefore not be taken into consideration for the present Research Topic.

Contributors are welcome to use the formats of an original research article, brief research report, systematic review, review, mini-review, policy and practice review, hypothesis and theory, perspective, case report, community case study, general commentary, or opinion. Studies addressing the following themes are strongly encouraged:

• Utility of ICD-11 PD for clinical management
• Utility of ICD-11 PD for forensic psychiatry including psychopathy and risk assessment
• Utility of ICD-11 PD for prognostic evaluation and treatment outcome research
• The utility of ICD-11 for epidemiology of personality disorder
• The utility of ICD-11 for genetic and neuroimaging studies of personality disorder
• Using the AMPD model to diagnose ICD-11 personality disorders
• Using the SCID-5-AMPD or STiP-5.1 to diagnose ICD-11 personality disorders
• Replicating the empirical structure of ICD-11 trait qualifiers
• Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD)
• Five-Factor Model Inventory for ICD-11 (FFMiCD)
• PID5BF+ (Modified) for ICD-11 and DSM-5 trait domains
• ICD-11 algorithm for designated PID-5 trait facets
• Conceptual similarities and differences between AMPD and ICD-11 PD
• Conceptual similarities and differences between established psychodynamic models and ICD-11 personality functioning
• Narrative identity, self- and other understanding – implications for ICD-11 PD
• Borderline PD in ICD-11
• ICD-11 Severe Personality Disorder: Dissociation and psychotic-like features
• Implications of ICD-11 PD for policies, regulations, and guidelines in mental health care
• Cross-cultural and international perspectives on the utility of ICD-11 PD classification