Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae) (local name, tineo; Mapuche names, madén, mëdehue) is an endemic species of Chile and Argentina used in Mapuche traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, inflammation, and wound healing. This study focused on the isolation, analysis, and characterization of the biological activity of compounds and bark extracts from this plant for the first time. The infusion and tincture of the bark were characterized regarding antioxidant and important enzyme inhibitory activities, phenolics, and flavonoids content and UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS metabolite profiling. Twenty-five metabolites were detected in the medicinal infusion of W. trichosperma, three flavonols were isolated: isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and neoastilbin ((2R,3S)-, (2S,3R)-, and (2S,3S)-dihydroquercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside) by countercurrent chromatography, and the isomers were quantified in the bark using a validated analytical HPLC methodology. The antioxidant properties were measured by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and TEAC methods. The infusion displayed a strong DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 20.58 and 3.070 µg ml⁻¹, respectively) while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS assays. The infusion showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 442.1 mg GAE g⁻¹ and 15.54 mg QE g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the infusion showed a good and promissory inhibitory activity (33.80%, 33.12%, and 82.86% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively) and isoastilbin (51.70%, 50.10%, and 34.29–80.71% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively). The biomolecules identified in this study support the traditional uses of this bark and the potential industrial interest from this Valdivian plant species.

Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) is a shrubby or often arborescent cactus popularly known as “sancayo” and produce an edible fruit known as “Sanky” which is consumed in Arequipa-Perú. The purpose of this study was to report the gastroprotective activity and relate this activity to the antioxidant capacity and presence of phenolic compounds for the first time. A metabolomic profiling based on Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry, and the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the mode of gastroprotective action of the Sanky fruit including the involvement of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and sulfhydryl compounds is reported. Thirty-eight compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract including 12 organic acids, nine hydroxycinnamic acids, three isoamericanol derivatives, six flavonoids, five fatty acids, and two sterols. The results of the biological tests showed that the ethanolic extract had antioxidant capacity and gastroprotective activity on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice (at 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). The effect elicited by the extract at 50 mg/kg was reversed by indometacin and N-ethylmaleimide but not by N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester suggesting that sulfhydryl groups and prostaglandins are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. In conclusion, our study proves that C. brevistylus pears have some gastroprotective and antioxidant capacities and consumption is recommended for the presence of several bioactive compounds.