About this Research Topic

Background

In recent years the efforts spent to repurpose old drugs for new clinical applications have led to the development of an alternative “Drug Repositioning” strategy as a promising and highly effective route for new drug discovery. As an example, Auranofin, an antiarthritic gold drug in clinical use since 1986, was found to also manifest relevant anticancer and antiparasitic properties and was recently admitted to some new clinical trials.

Despite the conspicuous number of published papers, the mechanism of action of auranofin (AF) is not fully understood. To date, it is commonly accepted that AF causes a dose-dependent inhibition on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis at cytotoxic concentrations. However, it is known that only 1–10% of metallodrugs (e.g. cisplatin) accumulated in the cell can reach nuclear DNA. This fact is thought to be strictly correlated with the well-known chemotherapeutic side effects, as the remaining cytotoxic agent probably diffuses in the organism and produces systemic toxicity. In this view, proteins have attracted increasing interest as probable “alternative targets”. Indeed, the activity of AF also relies on inhibiting cell proliferation by induction of apoptotic cell death, which inhibits mitochondrial and cytosolic thioredoxin reductase and leads to oxidative stress.

Several studies have already highlighted the importance of gold compounds, either Au(I) or Au(III), as a promising class of cytotoxic agents with the potential of becoming effective anticancer or anti-infective candidates. Despite their pharmacological potential, the modes of action of these compounds are still largely unknown and a matter of intense research and debate. In the case of Au(I) compounds, mitochondria and pathways of oxidative phosphorylation are seen as the primary intracellular targets. Moreover, inhibition of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase seems to be a common mechanistic trait to explain the action of these compounds, leading to apoptosis through activation of a mitochondrial pathway.

Nonetheless, the treatment with Au(I) complexes can led to some acquired chemoresistance associated with a low level of cross-resistance to the Au(III) compounds, probably suggesting a different mechanism of action of such agents. This favorable behavior could be used in order to overcome the resistance effects, by-passing the mitochondrial target and promoting different ways of activity. Taking advantage of proteomics, metabolomics, and experiments on protein metalation, a comprehensive study of structure/activity relationship could suggest specific chemical modifications of the gold-complexes structure that translate to improved biological effects. These findings could also give some important insights on the pharmacodynamics of gold compounds, to predict the eventual off-target action which is commonly responsible for several side effects related to chemotherapeutic treatment. Another strategy to improve efficacy and selectivity of gold complexes is the conjugation to biovectors to deliver the gold-based drug more specifically to the tumors. Gold conjugates to antibodies, aptamers, hormones and vitamins have shown promising results.

The aim of this Research Topic is to disseminate the most recent advances and novel research trends in the synthesis and applications of gold-based drugs. Areas to be covered may include:
- Design and synthesis of new gold complexes including vector-drug conjugates, as well as new insights into their mode-of-action
- Studies of the involved and/or modified pathways after drug administration
- Metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics studies related to the gold-based drugs treatment
- Biodistribution and pharmacodynamics studies with hyphenated high-throughput techniques
- New advances for the use of gold compounds in infective diseases (e.g. Amebiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Staphylococcus Aureus infections, etc.)

Moreover, manuscripts concerning similar or strongly related topics are also encouraged. Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, and Perspective articles are all welcome.

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Frequently asked questions

• What is a Research Topic?

  Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

  Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

• Why does Frontiers publish Research Topics? 

  The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

  Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

• Why are Research Topics important for journals?

  As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

  A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

• How do we ensure the quality of articles within Research Topics?

  Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and it falls under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

  In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

• What are the benefits of publishing my article in a Research Topic?

  Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

  As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

  Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

   
• What types of articles can be published in a Research Topic?

  Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

  Check available article types here 

• Can I suggest a new Research Topic? 

  Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

  Suggest your topic here 

• Who leads a Research Topic? 

  A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

  The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

• What is the role of a topic editor?

  As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

   

  You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

• What support will I receive when editing a new Research Topic? 

  As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

• As a junior researcher, can I be involved in editing a Research Topic? 

  If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

• Can I get a certificate for editing a Research Topic?

  Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

• Who will I collaborate with?

  Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

• How long does it take to publish a Research Topic?

  As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

  Find out more about our Research Topics

• What fee support is available to authors publishing in a Research Topic?

  Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

  Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

• Will there be a printed version of my Research Topic?

  In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.