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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Infectious Diseases
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1535650
This article is part of the Research Topic Biosecurity of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine View all 3 articles

Canine Circovirus: Emergence, Adaptation, and Challenges for Animal and Public

Provisionally accepted
Diego Ferreira da Silva Diego Ferreira da Silva 1,2*Milene Ciola Milene Ciola 3Verônica de Oliveira Lopes Verônica de Oliveira Lopes 3Débora Rhayanne Medeiros Matias Débora Rhayanne Medeiros Matias 2Tarley Santos Oliveira Tarley Santos Oliveira 2Alessandra Marnie Marnie Martins Gomes de Castro Alessandra Marnie Marnie Martins Gomes de Castro 2
  • 1 University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
  • 2 Paulista University, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • 3 Department of Undergraduate Studies in Veterinary Medicine, Anclivepa College, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging pathogen with a significant impact on animal health and potential zoonotic risks. This study addresses its characterization, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics, emphasizing its relevance within the One Health approach. Background: The increasing detection of CanineCV across various species and regions highlights its genetic adaptability and cross-species transmission potential. Furthermore, growing interactions among domestic animals, wildlife, and humans amplify the need to understand its public and animal health implications. Objective: To analyze the biology, epidemiology, and diagnostic challenges of CanineCV, focusing on its genetic evolution, interactions with co-infections, and implications for control strategies. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing data from epidemiological, genomic, and clinical studies. Molecular techniques, such as PCR and qPCR, were evaluated for their efficacy in virus detection and quantification. Results: CanineCV exhibits high genetic variability and has been detected in diverse species and tissues. Co-infections, including parvovirus and adenovirus, exacerbate clinical signs, primarily gastrointestinal and respiratory. Advances in diagnostics, such as real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, have demonstrated increased sensitivity in viral detection. Conclusion: CanineCV poses a growing challenge to animal health and a potential threat to public health due to its genetic plasticity and adaptability to multiple hosts. Continuous research is essential to understand its pathogenesis, develop effective control measures, and mitigate risks in diverse ecosystems.

    Keywords: Canine circovirus (CanineCV), Saúde Única, Vírus, circovírus suíno, Saúde pública

    Received: 27 Nov 2024; Accepted: 13 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Silva, Ciola, Lopes, Matias, Oliveira and Castro. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Diego Ferreira da Silva, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.