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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1534114

Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis in pigs in Mainland China during 2000-2024: A systemic review and meta-analysis

Provisionally accepted
Xue-Tong Liu Xue-Tong Liu 1*Li-Dong Jiang Li-Dong Jiang 1Yu-Ting Lin Yu-Ting Lin 1Ran Zhao Ran Zhao 1Qi Wang Qi Wang 1Shu-Ying Zhang Shu-Ying Zhang 1*Emad Ata Emad Ata 2Xin Liu Xin Liu 1Yuan Wang Yuan Wang 1Zi-Xuan Liu Zi-Xuan Liu 1*Cui Xu Cui Xu 1Ying Xiao Ying Xiao 1Yi-Fan Wang Yi-Fan Wang 1*Xue Leng Xue Leng 1Qing-Long Gong Qing-Long Gong 1*Rui Du Rui Du 1,3*
  • 1 Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
  • 2 Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
  • 3 Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute viral disease transmitted mainly by mosquitoes, primarily affecting Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. This study aimed to analyze the factors contributing to JE occurrence in pigs across China.Methods: A systematic search was done using six databases for the published epidemiological studies on porcine JE, including the Chinese Web of Knowledge (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, VIP Chinese Journal Database, and PubMed. Results: A meta-analysis of 31 studies from 2000 to 2024 found an overall prevalence of 35.2% (95% CI: 25.1–46.1). The highest prevalence occurred between 2010 and 2015 at 53.4% (95% CI: 44.2–80.6), from 2010 to 2015, increased precipitation and favorable annual temperatures led to the proliferation of mosquitoes, causing Japanese Encephalitis outbreaks among swine. While the lowest was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2–6.6) in temperate climates. Serum samples showed the highest prevalence 38.1% (95% CI: 27.9–48.9), and ELISA testing had a higher detection rate 38.2% (95% CI: 24.5–52.9). In the farming mode subgroup, the highest prevalence was observed in the large-scale farming mode at 40.9% (95% CI: 26.4–66.3).Conclusion: The study highlights the spread of JE across China and suggests that it may be underrecognized in some areas. Continuous monitoring and improvements in farming practices are essential for controlling the disease.

    Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, Prevalence, pigs, zoonosis, Meta-analysis

    Received: 25 Nov 2024; Accepted: 27 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Jiang, Lin, Zhao, Wang, Zhang, Ata, Liu, Wang, Liu, Xu, Xiao, Wang, Leng, Gong and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Xue-Tong Liu, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
    Shu-Ying Zhang, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
    Zi-Xuan Liu, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
    Yi-Fan Wang, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
    Qing-Long Gong, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
    Rui Du, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China

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