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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1482871

An In Vitro Evaluation of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion on Three Common Canine Toxicants

Provisionally accepted
Emery Jones Emery Jones 1*Stuart Walton Stuart Walton 2Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis 3McAlister Council-Troche McAlister Council-Troche 3
  • 1 Desert Veterinary Medical Specialists, Phoenix, United States
  • 2 University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
  • 3 Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: To determine whether intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy significantly reduces the concentration of baclofen, ibuprofen, and/or bromethalin in canine whole blood over time.Animals: Seven 500 ml bags of canine DEA 1.1 negative blood were divided into aliquots of 125ml and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (baclofen, ibuprofen, bromethalin) or four control groups (a positive control for each treatment group and a negative control group).Procedures: Injectable ibuprofen (200mg/kg), baclofen (8mg/kg), or bromethalin (3mg/kg) was apportioned into 125 ml aliquots of canine whole blood and incubated for 30 minutes at 38.5°C. ILE (12.4ml, Intralipid®) was added to each sample and the solution vortexed (215 rpm for 15 minutes at 37 ‫﮿‬ C (98.6 ‫﮿‬F)). Samples were obtained at designated time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 180, 360 min), centrifuged, and separated into serum and RBC fractions. Serum samples were ultracentrifuged (22,000g for 10 minutes at 37°C) to separate lipid rich and poor fractions. Samples were stored at -80°C prior to analysis.Results: A significant decrease in total drug concentration was established for bromethalin and its metabolite desmethylbromethalin compared to positive controls. ILE significantly reduced desmethylbromethalin at the 30-and 360-minute time points. The remainder of the desmethylbromethalin time points did not reach significance. Bromethalin concentration was significantly reduced at all time points compared to positive controls. Neither baclofen nor ibuprofen had significant changes in concentration.ILE therapy was effective at reducing the total drug concentration of bromethalin and its metabolite desmethylbromethalin supporting the lipid sink theory. As a single compartment in vitro study, this study does not evaluate other proposed mechanisms of action of ILE therapy. ILE therapy may have other means of significantly decreasing lipophilic drug concentration in cases of toxicosis.

    Keywords: intravenous lipid emulsion1, baclofen2, bromethalin3, Ibuprofen4, toxicosis5 Font: Italic Font: Italic Font: Not Italic Font: Italic

    Received: 18 Aug 2024; Accepted: 10 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Jones, Walton, Davis and Council-Troche. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Emery Jones, Desert Veterinary Medical Specialists, Phoenix, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.