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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1475347

Prevalence and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Sichuan Province, China, from 2023 to 2024

Provisionally accepted
Fang Wu Fang Wu 1Tong Xu Tong Xu 1Si-Yuan Lai Si-Yuan Lai 1Yan-Ru Ai Yan-Ru Ai 1Yuancheng Zhou Yuancheng Zhou 2,3Jing Sun Jing Sun 4Zuo-Hua Liu Zuo-Hua Liu 4Xiu Zeng Xiu Zeng 4Qiaoli Lang Qiaoli Lang 4Ling Zhu Ling Zhu 1*Zhiwen Xu Zhiwen Xu 1*
  • 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan Shi, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
  • 3 Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
  • 4 Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, Chongqing, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are highly prevalent in Sichuan, significantly affecting the swine industry's development. PCV2, known for its immunosuppressive effects, can compromise pigs' immune systems, while PEDV typically causes diarrhea in piglets, leading to high mortality rates. Despite their impact, recent studies on the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV2 and PEDV within Sichuan Province remain limited. This study examines clinical samples from 352 diarrheal piglets across 63 pig farms in 17 regions of Sichuan Province, revealing positivity rates of 42.33% (149/352) for PCV2 and 50.28% (177/352) for PEDV, with a co-infection rate of 27.56% (97/352). Notably, the highest positivity rates were observed in Ziyang for PCV2 at 61.90% (13/21), and in Meishan for PEDV at 73.81% (31/42), both regions also reported the highest coinfection rates of 47.62%. Seasonal analysis indicated that PEDV infections peaked during winter, whereas PCV2 showed no significant seasonal trends. Phylogenetic analysis identified 14 PCV2 strains, categorizing 2 as PCV2b (14.29%), 10 as PCV2d (71.43%), and 2 as PCV2e (14.29%). Among the 16 PEDV strains, 2 were classified as G1a (12.5%) and 14 as G2a (87.5%), with PCV2d and PEDV G2a identified as the predominant strains in the region. The study also highlights a high mutation rate at the antigenic sites of both viruses, potentially affecting vaccine efficacy. These findings underscore the need for ongoing surveillance and vaccine development tailored to the prevalent strains to improve control measures within the province.

    Keywords: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Epidemiological survey, Genetic evolution analysis, Coinfection

    Received: 06 Aug 2024; Accepted: 14 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Wu, Xu, Lai, Ai, Zhou, Sun, Liu, Zeng, Lang, Zhu and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Ling Zhu, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan Shi, China
    Zhiwen Xu, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan Shi, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.