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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Parasitology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1470084

Nanoparticle containing recombinant excretory/secretory-24 protein of Haemonchus contortus enhanced the cellular immune responses in mice

Provisionally accepted
Muhammad W. Hasan Muhammad W. Hasan 1Muhammad Haseeb Muhammad Haseeb 1Javaid A. Gadahi Javaid A. Gadahi 1Muhammad Ehsan Muhammad Ehsan 1Qiangqiang Wang Qiangqiang Wang 1Shakeel Ahmed Lakho Shakeel Ahmed Lakho 1Ali Haider Ali Haider 1Muhammad T. Aleem Muhammad T. Aleem 1Kalibixiati Aimulajiang Kalibixiati Aimulajiang 2Mingmin Lu Mingmin Lu 1Lixin Xu Lixin Xu 1Xiaokai Song Xiaokai Song 1Xiangrui Li Xiangrui Li 1Ruofeng Yan Ruofeng Yan 1*
  • 1 Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Haemonchus contortus poses a global challenge as a parasite affecting small ruminants, yet the problem of absence of an effective vaccine against H. contortus infection still exists. This investigation sought to appraise the immunological reaction induced by recombinant H. contortus excretory/secretory-24 (rHcES-24) in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and biopolymeric nanoparticles (NPs) within a murine model. In this study, rHcES-24 was encapsulated in poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) NPs, administered subcutaneously to mice.Researchers analyzed the NPs using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and assessed lymphocyte proliferation, specific antibodies, cytokines, T cell proliferation (CD3e + CD4 + , CD3e + CD8a + ), and phenotypic alteration in splenocytes (CD11c + CD83 + , CD11c + CD86 + ) through flow cytometry to understand the immune response. The results demonstrated that the administration of nanovaccines (NVs) prompted immune responses towards Th1 pathway. This was indicated by notable enhancements in the production of specific antibodies, heightened cytokine levels, and a robust proliferation of lymphocytes observed in mice that received the NVs compared to control groups.Remarkably, mice vaccinated with the antigen-loaded NPs formulations exhibited considerably higher proportions of splenic dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells in comparison to those receiving the traditional adjuvant or the control groups. Incorporating HcES-24 protein into NPs effectively conferred immunity against H. contortus, paving the way for developing a targeted and commercial vaccine.

    Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, HcES-24, PLGA and CS Nanoparticle, TH1 immune response, Mice

    Received: 25 Jul 2024; Accepted: 07 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Hasan, Haseeb, Gadahi, Ehsan, Wang, Lakho, Haider, Aleem, Aimulajiang, Lu, Xu, Song, Li and Yan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Ruofeng Yan, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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