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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Infectious Diseases
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1468890
This article is part of the Research Topic The application of new technologies such as new vaccines, therapeutic cytokines and antibodies, and antiviral drugs in the prevention and treatment of animal infectious diseases View all 4 articles

Machine Learning Tools Used for Mapping some Immunogenic Epitopes within the Major Structural Proteins of the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) and for the In Silico Design of the Multiepitope based vaccines

Provisionally accepted
Nithyadevi Duraisamy Nithyadevi Duraisamy 1Mohd Yasir Khan Mohd Yasir Khan 1Abid Shah Abid Shah 2Reda N. ElAlaoui Reda N. ElAlaoui 1Mohammed Cherkaoui Mohammed Cherkaoui 1Maged G. Hemida Maged G. Hemida 2*
  • 1 Long Island University Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States
  • 2 Long Island University Post, Brookville, New York, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    BCoV is one of the significant causes of enteritis in young calves; it may also be responsible for many respiratory outbreaks in young calves. BCoV participates in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex in association with other bacterial pathogens. Our study aimed (1) to map the immunogenic epitopes (B and T cells) within the major BCoV structural proteins. These epitopes are believed to induce a robust immune response through the interaction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) molecules (2) to design some novel BCoV multi-epitope-based vaccines.The goal is achieved through several integrated In-silico prediction computational tools to map these epitopes within the major BCoV structural proteins. The final vaccine was constructed in conjugation with the Choleratoxin B toxin as an adjuvant. The tertiary structure of each vaccine construct was modeled through the Alpha fold-2 tools. The constructed vaccine was linked to some immunostimulants such as Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4). We also predicted the affinity binding of these vaccines with this targeted protein using molecular docking. The stability and purity of each vaccine construct were assessed using the Ramachandran plot and the Z Score values. We created the In-silico cloning vaccine constructs using various expression vectors through vector builder and Snap gene.The average range of major BCoV structural proteins were detected within the range of 0.4 to 0.5, confirmed their antigen and allergic properties. The binding energy values were detected between -7.9 eV and -9.4 eV also confirmed their best interaction between our vaccine construct and toll like receptors.Our In-silico cloning method expedited the creation of vaccines constructs and established a strong basis for upcoming clinical trials and experimental validations.Our designed multiepitope vaccine candidates per each BCoV structural protein showed high antigenicity, immunogenicity, non-allergic, non-toxic, and high-water solubility. Further studies are highly encouraged to validate the efficacy of these novel BCoV vaccines in the natural host.

    Keywords: BCoV, Epitopes, Mapping, Multiepitope, B cell, T cell, immunogen, MHC-Class-I

    Received: 22 Jul 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Duraisamy, Khan, Shah, ElAlaoui, Cherkaoui and Hemida. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Maged G. Hemida, Long Island University Post, Brookville, New York, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.