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REVIEW article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568
This article is part of the Research Topic Reviews in Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery View all 8 articles

Review: Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats

Provisionally accepted
Koen M. Santifort Koen M. Santifort 1,2*Simon R. Platt Simon R. Platt 3*
  • 1 IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
  • 2 IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
  • 3 Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for intracerebral and spinal cord hemorrhage or hematomyelia in humans but similar systems do not exist in veterinary medicine. The authors propose an etiologic classification system for both intraparenchymal hemorrhagic encephalopathy and myelopathy following a review of the literature detailing the presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. A summary of the investigative and therapeutic approach to these cases is also provided.

    Keywords: Hemorrhagic infarct, Hematomyelia, vascular malformation, T2* gradient echo, Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

    Received: 06 Jul 2024; Accepted: 27 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Santifort and Platt. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Koen M. Santifort, IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
    Simon R. Platt, Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.