Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1440275
This article is part of the Research Topic Understanding Anaesthetic Effects on Aquatic Animals View all 3 articles

Enhanced Efficacy of Magnolia denudata Essential Oil in Fish Anesthesia Using Nanoemulsions and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems

Provisionally accepted
Xiangbing Zeng Xiangbing Zeng 1Hongbiao Dong Hongbiao Dong 2*Xiaoting Zheng Xiaoting Zheng 2Jia-Song Zhang Jia-Song Zhang 2*
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
  • 2 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Guangzhou, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The use of plant essential oils as anesthetics for fish has gained increasing attention, but ethanol, often used as a co-solvent, presents certain limitations. Recently, Magnolia denudata essential oil (MDO) has emerged as a promising alternative for fish anesthesia and sedation. To further improve its efficacy, this study developed nanoemulsion (NE) and self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulations of MDO. Transmission electron microscopy and stability tests confirmed that both NE and SMEDDS possess smaller particle sizes and are stable under various temperature conditions. Anesthetic trials on fish demonstrated that these formulations reduced the time needed to induce anesthesia compared with the non-formulations. Additionally, physiological assessments of the fish gills showed that neither NE nor SMEDDS caused irreversible damage to respiratory function. Overall, NE and SMEDDS present a safe and effective delivery system for MDO, enhancing its anesthetic properties while minimizing potential harm to aquatic organisms compared to traditional methods.

    Keywords: anesthetic, Essential oil, fish, Nanoemulsion, Physiological effect

    Received: 29 May 2024; Accepted: 31 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zeng, Dong, Zheng and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Hongbiao Dong, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Guangzhou, China
    Jia-Song Zhang, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Guangzhou, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.