AUTHOR=Schmidt Martin J. , Farke Daniela 

TITLE=Surgical management of primary and idiopathic internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1435982

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2024.1435982

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is an effective method to treat internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats. Although it has a long history in veterinary medicine, the technique continues to evolve. Despite continuing attempts to reduce the incidence of associated complications, shunt failure remains a major problem, and often leads to multiple hospital admissions. This review gives an overview about current knowledge of ventriculoperitoneal shunting techniques in animals, applicable shunt hardware as well as shunt-associated complications and their prevention and treatment.</p>