Amira Derbalah ¹ Samir A. El-Gendy ² Hanan H. Abd- ElHafeez ³ Soha Soliman ⁴ Ahmed Elmansi ⁵ Manal Seif ⁶ Ahmed M. Rashwan ⁶ Mamdouh Eldesoqui ⁷ Valentina Kubale ^8,9* Mohamed A. Alsafy ^10,2*

• ¹ Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
• ² Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
• ³ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
• ⁴ Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
• ⁵ Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
• ⁶ Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
• ⁷ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁸ Veterinary faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
• ⁹ Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovene Littoral, Slovenia
• ¹⁰ Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

Introduction: The morphological characteristics of fish eyes in fishes are highly diverse and have evolved to meet the specific visual requirements as per their habitats. of different species living in various aquatic habitats. These morphological features of eyes are important Understanding the structures within these eye structures is crucial for researchers and ecologists. The dusky spinefoot (Siganus luridus) is a tropical teleost fish with a laterally flattened body whichthat also lives in the Mediterranean Sea. Currently, there are no histological data relating to theon the eye of Siganus luridus eye. Methods: In this study, the morphology of the Siganus luridus eye was examined to enhance our understanding of its structure and its relationship to fish ecology. In this study, the morphology of the eye of Siganus luridus eye was investigated to improve our understanding of the morphology and structure of the eye and its relationship to fish ecology. Detailed gross and microscopic features were recorded The anatomical and histological features were examined using light and scanning microscopy. following the application ofand various histological stains. Results:The key observations describe the main structural features of the eye of Siganus luridus, specifically, the diameter of the orbit, architecture of three tunics of eye and detailed lens description. the types of corneal epithelium, the characteristics of the iris, the characteristics of the three layers of the back of the eye, and of the lens and the ten layers within the retina. The choroid wasis divided into four layers, and hads a rete mirabile, which consistsconsisting of numerous small blood vessels in the choroidal gland. The tapetum lucidum was observed, which is interesting since Siganus luridus is herbivore and herbivores typically lack a tapetum lucidum. Discussion: These discoveries observations shed new light on the intricate eye structure of Siganus luridus, andluridus and provide valuable insights into its visual abilities and its providing valuable insights into its visual abilities and adaptations to the aquatic environment and feeding behavior.