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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1399043

Development and application of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for ractopamine in goats

Provisionally accepted
Jing Ai Jing Ai 1Yunfeng Gao Yunfeng Gao 2*Fan Yang Fan Yang 3Zhen Zhao Zhen Zhao 4*京 王 京 王 1Shiyi Fu Shiyi Fu 5*Ying Ma Ying Ma 1*Xu Gu Xu Gu 1*
  • 1 Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
  • 2 Heilingjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed, Harbin, 150036, China, Harbin, China
  • 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
  • 4 Beijing Nutrient Source Research Institute Co., LTD, Beijing, China
  • 5 Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,, Nanchang, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    In this study, we developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for ractopamine (RAC) in goats. The goal was to predict the distribution of the drug after multiple oral administrations. The preliminary PBPK model for RAC in goats performed well in predicting the drug's distribution in most tissues. In our sensitivity analysis, we found that the parameter of Qclu (Blood Flow Volume through Lungs) had the greatest impact on the RAC concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidney and was the most sensitive parameter. Furthermore, our study aimed to assess the withdrawal time (WT) of RAC in different tissues after RAC long-term exposure in goats . We found that the WT of RAC in the kidney was the longest, lasting for 13 days. Overall, the PBPK model for RAC in goats significantly contribute to understanding the drug's distribution in various tissues. The insights gained from this study have important implications for optimizing drug administration in goats and ensuring appropriate withdrawal times to prevent any potential risks.

    Keywords: Ractopamine, Goats, Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model, Physiological parameters, residues

    Received: 11 Mar 2024; Accepted: 16 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Ai, Gao, Yang, Zhao, 王, Fu, Ma and Gu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Yunfeng Gao, Heilingjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed, Harbin, 150036, China, Harbin, China
    Zhen Zhao, Beijing Nutrient Source Research Institute Co., LTD, Beijing, China
    Shiyi Fu, Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,, Nanchang, China
    Ying Ma, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, Beijing Municipality, China
    Xu Gu, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, Beijing Municipality, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.