AUTHOR=Liu Haifeng , Fan Siping , Zhang Xiaoli , Yuan Yu , Zhong Wenhao , Wang Liqin , Wang Chengdong , Zhou Ziyao , Zhang Shaqiu , Geng Yi , Peng Guangneng , Wang Ya , Zhang Kun , Yan Qigui , Luo Yan , Shi Keyun , Zhong Zhijun 

TITLE=Antibiotic-resistant characteristics and horizontal gene transfer ability analysis of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1394814

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2024.1394814

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (ESBL-EC) is regarded as one of the most important priority pathogens within the One Health interface. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of ESBL-EC in giant pandas, along with their antibiotic-resistant characteristics and horizontal gene transfer abilities. In this study, we successfully identified 12 ESBL-EC strains (8.33%, 12/144) out of 144 <italic>E. coli</italic> strains which isolated from giant pandas. We further detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among the 12 ESBL-EC strains, and the results showed that 13 ARGs and 11 VAGs were detected, of which <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M</sub> (100.00%, 12/12, with 5 variants observed) and <italic>papA</italic> (83.33%, 10/12) were the most prevalent, respectively. And <italic>ISEcp1</italic> (66.67%, 8/12) and <italic>IS26</italic> (66.67%, 8/12) were the predominant MGEs. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer ability analysis of the 12 ESBL-EC showed that all <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M</sub> genes could be transferred by conjugative plasmids, indicating high horizontal gene transfer ability. In addition, ARGs of <italic>rmtB</italic> and <italic>sul2</italic>, VAGs of <italic>papA</italic>, <italic>fimC</italic> and <italic>ompT</italic>, MGEs of <italic>ISEcp1</italic> and <italic>IS26</italic> were all found to be co-transferred with <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M</sub>. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these ESBL-EC strains into group B2 (75.00%, 9/12), D (16.67%, 2/12), and B1 (8.33%, 1/12), and 10 sequence types (STs) were identified among 12 ESBL-EC (including ST48, ST127, ST206, ST354, ST648, ST1706, and four new STs). Our present study showed that ESBL-EC strains from captive giant pandas are reservoirs of ARGs, VAGs and MGEs that can co-transfer with <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M</sub> via plasmids. Transmissible ESBL-EC strains with high diversity of resistance and virulence elements are a potential threat to humans, animals and surrounding environment.</p>