AUTHOR=Ham Sehyeong , Suh Jeongmin , Kim Jieun , Gu Min Jeong , Park Min Ah , Oh Eunseon , Moon Jun-Ok , Chae Chanhee 

TITLE=The in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an amino acid blend supplemented feed on pigs experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1367328

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2024.1367328

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p>The <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an amino acid (AA) blend (tryptophan, threonine, and methionine) in pigs.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Objective</title><p>This study aimed to evaluate the <italic>in vitro</italic> anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of an AA blend on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and the <italic>in vivo</italic> anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in pigs experimentally challenged with <italic>Salmonella Typhimurium</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Methods</title><p>IPEC-J2 were pretreated with an AA blend for 25 h and then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), deoxynivalenol (DON), or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for <italic>in vitro</italic> evaluation. A controlled standard diet supplemented with 0.3% of the AA blend was orally fed to the treated group pigs for 14 days, beginning at 21 days of age. At the end of the feeding period, pigs were orally inoculated with <italic>Salmonella Typhimurium</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Results</title><p>Pre-treatment with the AA blend reduced LPS/DON-induced interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA as a measurement of the anti-inflammatory effect and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a measurement of the anti-oxidative effect on IPEC-J2. Feeding with an AA blend resulted in a reduction of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-8) cytokine levels, while treated pigs experienced an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine in their sera. The addition of an AA blend-supplemented pig feed resulted in significantly lower <italic>Salmonella</italic>-induced cecal lesion scores compared to untreated pigs.</p></sec><sec id="sec5"><title>Discussion</title><p>Supplementation of feed with an AA blend reduced intestinal inflammation and pathology in pigs and may be applied for the control of <italic>Salmonella Typhimurium</italic> infection, as demonstrated in this study.</p></sec>