AUTHOR=Watler Simon , Toka Felix N. , Lardé Hélène , Johnson Antoinette , Butaye Patrick 

TITLE=Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotypes, isolated from imported, farmed and feral poultry in the Cayman Islands

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1331916

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2024.1331916

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>Non-typhoidal <italic>Salmonellae (NTS)</italic> are common foodborne pathogens throughout the world causing acute gastroenteritis. Compared to North America and Europe, there is little information on NTS in the Caribbean. Here we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of NTS present in the local poultry of the Cayman Islands to determine the public health risk. In total, we collected 156 samples. These were made up of boot swabs of 31 broiler farms and 31 layer farms (62 samples), paper bedding from 45 imported chick boxes, and 49 pooled cecum samples from feral chickens, each sample representing 10 individual chickens. <italic>Salmonella</italic> was isolated using the ISO 6579 protocol and isolates were characterized using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis. Eighteen <italic>Salmonella</italic> isolates were obtained and comprised six <italic>S. enterica</italic> subspecies <italic>enterica</italic> serotypes and one subspecies <italic>houtenae</italic> serotype. Serotypes were: <italic>S.</italic> Kentucky (<italic>n</italic> = 9), <italic>S.</italic> Saintpaul (<italic>n</italic> = 5), <italic>S.</italic> Javiana (<italic>n</italic> = 1), <italic>S.</italic> Senftenberg (<italic>n</italic> = 1), <italic>S.</italic> Poona (<italic>n</italic> = 1) and <italic>S.</italic> Agona (<italic>n</italic> = 1). <italic>S</italic>. Kentucky strains were all ST152 and clonally related to poultry strains from the United states. <italic>S</italic>. Saintpaul ST50 strains showed clonality to North American strains. Over half of the strains (<italic>n</italic> = 11) contained resistance genes to at least two antibiotic groups and five strains were MDR, mainly those from imported day-old chicks. The <italic>bla</italic><sub>CMY-2</sub> gene was found in <italic>S.</italic> Kentucky from day-old chicks. Strains from feral poultry had no acquired AMR genes. While serotypes from feral poultry have been identified in human infections, they pose minimal risk due to their low virulence.</p>