AUTHOR=Solorzano-Scott Tamara , Aguilar-Vargas Fernando , Cordero-Salas Martha , Conejo Amanda , Rojas Alicia , Baldi Mario 

TITLE=Case report: First documented case of cerebral angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis in a free-ranging opossum

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1294484

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2024.1294484

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Angiostrongylus costaricensis</italic> is a metastrongyloid nematode that primarily infects the mesenteric arteries of wild rodents. This parasite is endemic in several regions of the American continent, and in humans, causes a disease known as abdominal angiostrongyliasis. Despite the important health implications of this nematode, there are limited studies investigating the involvement of wild animals in its life cycle. In this study, we present the clinical manifestations, pathologic findings, and molecular diagnosis, to the best of our current knowledge, of the first documented onset of cerebral angiostrongyliasis because of <italic>A. costaricensis</italic> infection in a juvenile free-ranging opossum (<italic>Didelphis marsupialis</italic>). Histopathological findings stress the presence of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis with nematodes present within the lesions, and PCR was positive for <italic>cox</italic>1 and ITS1 reactions. The obtained sequences for a 279 bp fragment of ITS1 were 100% identical to <italic>A. costaricensis</italic> from Costa Rica. This case highlights the substantial difficulties in diagnosing neuroangiostrongyliasis, yet underscores the importance of considering <italic>A. costaricensis</italic> as a potential culprit behind neurological conditions in wild marsupials. It acts as an urgent call to action to improve surveillance programs tracking infectious and parasitic diseases causing mortality in wildlife populations.</p>