AUTHOR=Dong Weitao , Chen Yan , Zhang Quanwei , Zhao Xiaoxuan , Liu Peiwen , He Haijian , Lu Ting , He Yuxuan , Du Xianghong , Hu Junjie , Zhao Xingxu , Zhang Yong 

TITLE=Effects of lipoteichoic and arachidonic acids on the immune-regulatory mechanism of bovine mammary epithelial cells using multi-omics analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.984607

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2022.984607

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> is one of the most important pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cows. It mainly utilizes the properties of its pathogenic factor, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), to elicit a host-cell inflammatory response and evade the host-cell immune response. Arachidonic acid (AA) has a regulatory role in the inflammatory response, cell metabolism, and apoptosis. The study aimed to establish a cell model by determining the optimal concentration of LTA and AA for cell induction using the Cell Counting Kit−8 assay and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction of <italic>interleukin</italic> (<italic>IL</italic>)<italic>-1</italic>β, <italic>IL-2</italic>, and <italic>IL-6</italic>. MAC-T cells were planted in 36 10-cm<sup>2</sup> culture dishes at a density of 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells per dish. They were treated with LTA for 24 h to constitute the LTA group and with AA for 12 h to constitute the AA group. The cells were pretreated with LTA for 24 h followed by treatment with AA for 12 h to constitute the LTA + AA group. Using proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, this study determined that LTA can regulate the expression of <italic>Actin Related protein 2/3 complex</italic> (<italic>ARPC</italic>)<italic>3, ARPC4, Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 3, protein kinase cGMP-dependent, NF-</italic>κ<italic>B Inhibitor Alpha</italic>,and other genes to affect cellular metabolism, immune regulation and promote apoptosis. In contrast, AA was observed to regulate the expression of genes such as <italic>ARPC3, ARPC4, Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 3, Laminin Gamma 1, Insulin Receptor, Filamin B</italic>, and <italic>Casein Kinase 1 Epsilon</italic> to inhibit cellular apoptosis and promote immune regulation, which provides a theoretical basis for future studies.</p>