AUTHOR=Maharajan Amudha Deepalakshmi , Hjerde Erik , Hansen Hilde , Willassen Nils Peder 

TITLE=Quorum Sensing Controls the CRISPR and Type VI Secretion Systems in Aliivibrio wodanis 06/09/139

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.799414

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2022.799414

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>For bacteria to thrive in an environment with competitors, phages and environmental cues, they use different strategies, including Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SSs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) to compete for space. Bacteria often use quorum sensing (QS), to coordinate their behavior as the cell density increases. Like other aliivibrios, <italic>Aliivibrio wodanis</italic> 06/09/139 harbors two QS systems, the main LuxS/LuxPQ system and an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated AinS/AinR system and a master QS regulator, LitR. To explore the QS and survival strategies, we performed genome analysis and gene expression profiling on <italic>A. wodanis</italic> and two QS mutants (Δ<italic>ainS</italic> and Δ<italic>litR</italic>) at two cell densities (OD600 2.0 and 6.0) and temperatures (6 and 12°C). Genome analysis of <italic>A. wodanis</italic> revealed two CRISPR systems, one without a <italic>cas</italic> loci (CRISPR system 1) and a type I-F CRISPR system (CRISPR system 2). Our analysis also identified three main T6SS clusters (T6SS1, T6SS2, and T6SS3) and four auxiliary clusters, as well about 80 potential Type VI secretion effectors (T6SEs). When comparing the wildtype transcriptome data at different cell densities and temperatures, 13–18% of the genes were differentially expressed. The CRISPR system 2 was cell density and temperature-independent, whereas the CRISPR system 1 was temperature-dependent and cell density-independent. The primary and auxiliary clusters of T6SSs were both cell density and temperature-dependent. In the Δ<italic>litR</italic> and Δ<italic>ainS</italic> mutants, several CRISPR and T6SS related genes were differentially expressed. Deletion of <italic>litR</italic> resulted in decreased expression of CRISPR system 1 and increased expression of CRISPR system 2. The T6SS1 and T6SS2 gene clusters were less expressed while the T6SS3 cluster was highly expressed in Δ<italic>litR</italic>. Moreover, in Δ<italic>litR</italic>, the <italic>hcp1</italic> gene was strongly activated at 6°C compared to 12°C. AinS positively affected the <italic>csy</italic> genes in the CRISPR system 2 but did not affect the CRISPR arrays. Although AinS did not significantly affect the expression of T6SSs, the hallmark genes of T6SS (<italic>hcp</italic> and <italic>vgrG</italic>) were AinS-dependent. The work demonstrates that T6SSs and CRISPR systems in <italic>A. wodanis</italic> are QS dependent and may play an essential role in survival in its natural environment.</p>