AUTHOR=Muralidharan Chithralekha , Quinteros José A. , Anwar Arif , Wilson Timothy B. , Scott Peter C. , Moore Robert J. , Van Thi Thu Hao 

TITLE=The use of filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin to detect immune responses to Campylobacter hepaticus infections in layer hens

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1082358

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2022.1082358

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Campylobacter hepaticus</italic> is the aetiological agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). SLD can cause significant production loss and mortalities among layer hens at and around peak of lay. We previously developed an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SLD-ELISA1, to detect <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> specific antibodies from bird sera using <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> total proteins and sera pre-absorbed with <italic>Campylobacter jejuni</italic> proteins. The high specificity achieved with SLD-ELISA1 indicated the presence of <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> specific antibodies in sera of infected birds. However, some of the reagents used in SLD-ELISA1 are time consuming to prepare and difficult to quality control. This understanding led to the search for <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> specific immunogenic proteins that could be used in recombinant forms as antibody capture antigens in immunoassay design. In this study, an immunoproteomic approach that combined bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, and LC MS/MS protein profiling was used, and a fragment of filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin (FHA), FHA<sub>1,628−1,899</sub> with <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> specific antigenicity was identified. Recombinant FHA<sub>1,628−1,899</sub> was used as antigen coating on ELISA plates to capture FHA<sub>1,628−1,899</sub> specific antibodies in sera of infected birds. SLD-ELISA2, based on the purified recombinant FHA fragment, is more user-friendly and standardizable than SLD-ELISA1 for screening antibody responses to <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> exposure in hens. This study is the first report of the use of FHA from a <italic>Campylobacter</italic> species in immunoassays, and it also opens future research directions to investigate the role of FHA in <italic>C. hepaticus</italic> pathogenesis and its effectiveness as a vaccine candidate.</p>