AUTHOR=Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Aman Martin , Kramer Anne , Schenck Thilo L. , Riedl Otto , Daeschler Simeon C. , Aszmann Oskar C. , Bergmeister Helga , Golriz Mohammad , Mehrabi Arianeb , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Kinsky Michael P. , Podesser Bruno K.
TITLE=Simulating Surgical Skills in Animals: Systematic Review, Costs & Acceptance Analyses
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science
VOLUME=7
YEAR=2020
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.570852
DOI=10.3389/fvets.2020.570852
ISSN=2297-1769
ABSTRACT=Background: Modern surgery demands high-quality and reproducibility. Due to new working directives, resident duty hours have been restricted and evidence exists that pure on-the-job training provides insufficient exposure. We hypothesize that supplemental simulations in animal models provide a realistic training to augment clinical experiences. This study reviews surgical training models, their costs and survey results illustrating academic acceptance.
Methods: Animal models were identified by literature research. Costs were analyzed from multiple German and Austrian training programs. A survey on their acceptance was conducted among faculty and medical students.
Results: 915 articles were analyzed, thereof 91 studies described in-vivo animal training models, predominantly for laparoscopy (30%) and microsurgery (24%). Cost-analysis revealed single-training costs between 307€ and 5,861€ depending on model and discipline. Survey results illustrated that 69% of the participants had no experience, but 66% would attend training under experienced supervision. Perceived public acceptance was rated intermediate by medical staff and students (4.26; 1–low, 10 high).
Conclusion: Training in animals is well-established and was rated worth attending in a majority of a representative cohort to acquire key surgical skills, in light of reduced clinical exposure. Animal models may therefore supplement the training of tomorrow's surgeons to overcome limited hands-on experience until virtual simulations can provide such educational tools.