AUTHOR=Dupouy Véronique , Abdelli Mouni , Moyano Gabriel , Arpaillange Nathalie , Bibbal Delphine , Cadiergues Marie-Christine , Lopez-Pulin Diego , Sayah-Jeanne Sakina , de Gunzburg Jean , Saint-Lu Nathalie , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno , Andremont Antoine , Bousquet-Mélou Alain 

TITLE=Prevalence of Beta-Lactam and Quinolone/Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae From Dogs in France and Spain—Characterization of ESBL/pAmpC Isolates, Genes, and Conjugative Plasmids

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00279

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2019.00279

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>Quantitative data on fecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are crucial to assess the risk of transmission from dogs to humans. Our first objective was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone/fluoroquinolone-resistant and beta-lactam-resistant <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> in dogs in France and Spain. Due to the particular concern about possible transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant isolates from dogs to their owners, we characterized the ESBL/pAmpC producers collected from dogs. Rectal swabs from 188 dogs, without signs of diarrhea and that had not received antimicrobials for 4 weeks before the study, were quantified for total and resistant <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> on selective media alone or containing relevant antibiotic concentrations. Information that might explain antibiotic resistance was collected for each dog. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates were subjected to bacterial species identification (API20E), genetic lineage characterization (MLST), ESBL/pAmpC genes identification (sequencing), and plasmid characterization (pMLST). Regarding beta-lactam resistance, amoxicillin- (AMX) and cefotaxime- (CTX) resistant <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> were detected in 70 and 18% of the dogs, respectively, whereas for quinolone/fluoroquinolone-resistance, Nalidixic acid- (NAL) and ciprofloxacin- (CIP) resistant <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> were detected in 36 and 18% of the dogs, respectively. Medical rather than preventive consultation was a risk marker for the presence of NAL and CIP resistance. CTX resistance was mainly due to a combination of specific ESBL/pAmpC genes and particular conjugative plasmids already identified in human patients: <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX−M−1</sub>/IncI1/ST3 (<italic>n</italic> = 4), <italic>bla</italic><sub>CMY−2</sub>/IncI1/ST12 (<italic>n</italic> = 2), and <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX−M−15</sub>/IncI1/ST31 (<italic>n</italic> = 1). <italic>bla</italic><sub>SHV−12</sub> (<italic>n</italic> = 3) was detected in various plasmid lineages (InI1/ST3, IncI1/ST26, and IncFII). ESBL/pAmpC plasmids were located in different genetic lineages of <italic>E. coli</italic>, with the exception of two strains in France (ST6998) and two in Spain (ST602). Our study highlights dogs as a potential source of Q/FQ-resistant and ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria that might further disseminate to humans, and notably a serious risk of future acquisition of CTX-M-1 and CMY-2 plasmids by the owners of dogs.</p>