AUTHOR=Raillard Mathieu , Levionnois Olivier , MacFarlane Paul 

TITLE=Do the Manual or Computer-Controlled Flowmeters Generate Similar Isoflurane Concentrations in Tafonius?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00160

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2019.00160

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> Tafonius is an anesthesia machine with computer-controlled monitor and ventilator. We compared the isoflurane fluctuations in the circuit with manual (MF) or computer-driven (CF) flowmeters, investigated the origin of the differences and assessed whether isoflurane concentration time course followed a one-compartment model.</p><p><bold>Material and Methods:</bold> A calibrated TEC-3 isoflurane vaporizer was used. Gas composition and flows were measured using a multiparametric monitor and a digital flowmeter. Measurements included: (1) Effects of various F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with MF/CF on the isoflurane fraction changes in the breathing system during mechanical ventilation of a lung model; wash-in kinetic was fitted to a compartmental model; (2) Gas outflow at the common gas outlet (CGO) with MF/CF at different F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>; (3) Isoflurane output of the vaporizer at various dial settings with MF/CF set at different flows without and with reduction of the CGO diameter.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> (1) The 3% targeted isoflurane concentration was not reached; additional time was required to reach specific concentrations with CF (lowest F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, longer time). The exponential course fitted a two-compartment model; (2) Set and measured flows were identical with MF. With CF at 0.21 F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, flow was intermittently 7.6 L min<sup>−1</sup> or zero (mean total: 38% of the set flow); with CF at 1.00 F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, flow was 10.6 L min<sup>−1</sup> or zero (mean: 4–5.3 L min<sup>−1</sup>); with 0.21 &lt; F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> &lt; 1.00, combined flow was intermittent (maximum output: 15.6 L min<sup>−1</sup>); (3) With MF, isoflurane output was matching dial setting at 5 L min<sup>−1</sup> but was lower at higher flows; with CF generating intermittent flows, isoflurane output was fluctuating. With the 4 mm diameter CGO, isoflurane concentration was close to dial setting with both MF and CF. With a 14 G CGO, isoflurane concentration was lower than dial setting with MF, higher with CF.</p><p><bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:</bold> Using MF or CF led to different isoflurane fraction time course in Tafonius. Flows were lower than set with CF; the TEC-3 did not compensate for high/intermittent flows and pressures; the CGO diameter influenced isoflurane output.</p>