AUTHOR=Feye Kristina M. , Carroll Jasmine P. , Anderson Kristi L. , Whittaker John H. , Schmidt-McCormack Garrett R. , McIntyre Don R. , Pavlidis Hilary O. , Carlson Steve A. 

TITLE=Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Products That Mitigate Foodborne Salmonella in Cattle and Poultry

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Veterinary Science

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00107

DOI=10.3389/fvets.2019.00107

ISSN=2297-1769

ABSTRACT=<p>Prior studies revealed that yeast fermentation products, specifically XPC™ and related products (Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), serve as viable food safety tools across multiple food animal species including cattle and poultry. Providing this supplement in feed leads to reduced prevalence, load, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens such as <italic>Salmonella</italic> and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> O157:H7. These findings are worthy of further study, especially when coupled with the enhanced growth and performance observed with these products. Mechanistically, XPC appears to modulate these effects through the immune system and gut microbiome. Herein we further investigated this product and demonstrate that XPC mediates an enhancement of immunocyte killing of <italic>Salmonella</italic> in calves fed the product. Additionally, these studies reveal that XPC reduces the lymph node infiltration, invasiveness, and antibiotic resistance of <italic>Salmonella</italic> in dairy calves fed the product-consistent with findings observed in poultry and adult beef cattle. Furthermore, the reduction in invasiveness does not lead to a rebound hyperinvasive phenotype in <italic>Salmonella</italic> obtained from XPC-fed animals. In summary, these studies suggest that XPC reduces the invasion of <italic>Salmonella</italic> and may alter various phenotypic characteristics of the pathogen.</p>