AUTHOR=Balboné Mahamoudou , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Namountougou Moussa , Drabo Samuel Fogné , Konaté Hamadou , Toe Oumarou , Bayili Koama , Meda Georges Benson , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Gnankine Olivier 

TITLE=Essential Oils From Five Local Plants: An Alternative Larvicide for Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Control in Western Burkina Faso

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Tropical Diseases

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/tropical-diseases/articles/10.3389/fitd.2022.853405

DOI=10.3389/fitd.2022.853405

ISSN=2673-7515

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Malaria and dengue are two main vector-borne infectious diseases transmitted by <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic> and <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>, respectively, in tropical and subtropical regions. The concern for environmental safety and the increasing development of resistance to the chemical in main arthropod vectors raises interest in the search for botanicals such as essential oils (EOs) that can be used in vector control.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Larvicidal bioassays were performed according to the WHO standard methods using <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> and <italic>An. gambiae</italic> larvae collected from Bobo-Dioulasso and in the Kou Valley (VK), respectively, two areas located in Houet Province of western Burkina Faso. Kisumu and Bora bora, the susceptible strains of <italic>An. gambiae</italic> and <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic>, respectively, were used as controls. OEs extracted from leaves of five aromatic plants, <italic>Cymbopogon citratus</italic>, <italic>Cymbopogon nardus</italic>, <italic>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</italic>, <italic>Lippia multiflora</italic>, and <italic>Ocimum americanum</italic>, naturally growing in Burkina Faso were tested. The pyriproxyfen was used as a positive control.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>As a result, the lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) for <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> from Bobo-Dioulasso and <italic>An. gambiae</italic> from VK ranged from 41.9 to 103.8 ppm and 39.5 to 138.1 ppm, respectively. As for LC<sub>90</sub> values, they ranged from 74.6 to 311.3 ppm for <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> from Bobo-Dioulasso and from 90.2 to 328.9 ppm for <italic>An. gambiae</italic> from VK. Among the EOs tested, <italic>L. multiflora</italic> showed the highest activity against all the strains of <italic>An. gambiae</italic> and <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> larvae. No difference in terms of LC<sub>50</sub> values was found between <italic>L. multiflora</italic> and pyriproxyfen used as a positive control on <italic>An. gambiae</italic> larvae. It is not the case for <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> populations, where pyriproxyfen remains the most toxic. Overall, <italic>An. gambiae</italic> populations were the most susceptible to EOs tested as compared to <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> populations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our study furthers our knowledge of the larvicidal activity of EOs in the western part of Burkina and opens new avenues in their putative use in vector control strategies.</p></sec>