AUTHOR=Berkane Yanis , Hayau Justine , Filz von Reiterdank Irina , Kharga Anil , Charlès Laura , Mink van der Molen Abele B. , Coert J. Henk , Bertheuil Nicolas , Randolph Mark A. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Longchamp Alban , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Uygun Korkut 

TITLE=Supercooling: a promising technique for prolonged preservation in solid organ transplantation, and early perspectives in vascularized composite allografts

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Transplantation

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/transplantation/articles/10.3389/frtra.2023.1269706

DOI=10.3389/frtra.2023.1269706

ISSN=2813-2440

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Ex vivo</italic> preservation of transplanted organs is undergoing spectacular advances. Machine perfusion is now used in common practice for abdominal and thoracic organ transportation and preservation, and early results are in favor of substantially improved outcomes. It is based on decreasing ischemia-reperfusion phenomena by providing physiological or sub-physiological conditions until transplantation. Alternatively, supercooling techniques involving static preservation at negative temperatures while avoiding ice formation have shown encouraging results in solid organs. Here, the rationale is to decrease the organ's metabolism and need for oxygen and nutrients, allowing for extended preservation durations. The aim of this work is to review all advances of supercooling in transplantation, browsing the literature for each organ. A specific objective was also to study the initial evidence, the prospects, and potential applications of supercooling preservation in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA). This complex entity needs a substantial effort to improve long-term outcomes, marked by chronic rejection. Improving preservation techniques is critical to ensure the favorable evolution of VCAs, and supercooling techniques could greatly participate in these advances.</p>