AUTHOR=Rundén-Pran Elise , Mariussen Espen , El Yamani Naouale , Elje Elisabeth , Longhin Eleonora Marta , Dusinska Maria 

TITLE=The colony forming efficiency assay for toxicity testing of nanomaterials—Modifications for higher-throughput

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Toxicology

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/toxicology/articles/10.3389/ftox.2022.983316

DOI=10.3389/ftox.2022.983316

ISSN=2673-3080

ABSTRACT=<p>To cope with the high number of nanomaterials manufactured, it is essential to develop high-throughput methods for <italic>in vitro</italic> toxicity screening. At the same time, the issue with interference of the nanomaterial (NM) with the read-out or the reagent of the assay needs to be addressed to avoid biased results. Thus, validated label-free methods are urgently needed for hazard identification of NMs to avoid unintended adverse effects on human health. The colony forming efficiency (CFE) assay is a label- and interference-free method for quantification of cytotoxicity by cell survival and colony forming efficiency by CFE formation. The CFE has shown to be compatible with toxicity testing of NMs. Here we present an optimized protocol for a higher-throughput set up.</p>